i£x  ICtbrtfi 

SEYMOUR  DURST 


"When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 
"Ever'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


OLD   YORK   LIBRARY  -  OLD   YORK  FOUNDATION 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


_>  t  'J 


The/Aor^se  Companv 


The  New  York  Public  Library 

ON  pages  14  and  15  we  present  an  elaborate  pic- 
ture of  the  great  reservoir  in  process  of  dem- 
olition on  the  Fifth  Avenue  side  of  Bryant 
Park,  New  York,  to  make  room  for  the  new 
public  library  made  possible  by  the  liberality 
of  the  late  Governor  Tilden. 

The  reservoir,  which  has  been  for  over  fifty  years  one 
of  the  landmarks  of  the  city,  is  an  impressive  repro- 
duction of  ancient  Egyptian  architecture.  The  sim- 
plicity of  the  structure  was  admirably  adapted  for  the 
purpose  of  an  aqueduct,  giving  to  the  eye  the  impres- 
sion of  massive  strength  and  grandeur,  and  recalling 
by  its  form  monuments  which  have  survived  for  thou- 
sands of  years. 

In  one  of  the  views  which  we  present  of  the  reser- 
voir there  is  a  marble  slab  giving  in  a  brief  inscription 
its  history.  From  this  it  appears  that  the  law  au- 
thorizing tne  work  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  May 
21,  1834,  and  that  in  April,  1835,  a  majority  of  the 
electors  of  the  city  voted  in  favor  of  its  construction. 
Work,  however,  was  not  commenced  until  May,  1837. 
On  June  22,  1842,  it  was  so  far  completed  that  on  July 
1  it  received  water  from  Croton  Lake.  The  ceremo- 
nies incident  to  its  completion  took  place  on  July  4, 
1842.  In  the  public  celebration  all  the  various  civil 
and  military  organizations  of  the  city  took  part,  and 
the  procession,  which  was  eight  miles  in  length,  sur- 
passed all  previous  parades  in  the  history  of  the  city. 
The  fountains  in  all  the  public  squares  played  from 
morning  till  evening,  and  it  is  noteworthy  that  the  tem- 
perance societies  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  cere- 
monies. In  the  evening  there  was  a  banquet  attended 
by  the  mayor  and  corporation  of  the  city  and  many 
distinguished  guests.  At  this  banquet  General  George 
P.  Morris,  one  of  the  first  contributors  to  the  Ledger, 
read  an  ode,  from  which  we  take  the  following  verse: 
Round  the  aqueducts  of  story, 

As  the  mists  of  Lethe  strong; 
Croton's  waves,  in  all  their  glory, 

Troop  in  melody  along. 
Ever  sparkling,  bright  and  single, 

Will  this  rock-ribbed  spring  appear, 
When  posterity  shall  mingle 
Like  the  gathered  waters  here. 
Although  this  reservoir  is  only  a  little  over  fifty 
years  old,  it  has  witnessed  an  enormous  development 
and  growth  of  the  municipality.    When  it  was  erected, 
it  was  supposed  that  it  would  remain  forever  to  per- 
form the  work  of  supplying  pure  water  to  the  inhabi- 
tants.   Its  foundations  were  of  the  most  massive  de- 
scription, seventy  feet  thick  at  the  base,  built  of  gran- 
ite and  concrete,  which  can  now  only  be  removed  by 
blasting.    But  the  city  has  so  far  outgrown  its  limits 
of  fifty  years  ago  that  this  reservoir  is  unnecessary, 
in  view  of  the  greater  structures  by  which  it  is  super- 
seded;  and  its  removal  to  make  room  Jor  ^  tv^Ik; 


Horary  is  a  most  desirable  and  neeessai.*  ;  

Our  central  design  shows  a  view  of  the  facade  of 
.he  new  public  library  building,  with  a  view  of  the 
•oof  outlining  the  courts  on  each  side  of  the  main 
mtrance.     The  building  will  stand  seventy-five  feet 

THE   LEDGER  MONTHLY 

OCTOHKR,  1899 


>ack  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  building  line.    A  space  sev- 
nty-five    feet   by   four  hundred  and  fifty-five  feet  in 
length  will  form  a  terrace  or  esplanade  as  a  grand  ap- 
>roach  to  the  main  entrance.    The  main  entrance  of 
the  bailding  will  be  through  three  great  arches  into  a 
arge  monumental  hallway,  forty  feet  wide  and  eighty 
feet  long,  vaulted  with  stone,  and  with  stone  staircases. 
On  the  Fifth  Avenue  terrace  or  esplanade  there  will  be 
fountains  with  groups  of  figures  at  each  end  designed 
in  harmony  with  the  building. 
On  the  Forty-second  Street  side  there  will  be  another 
mportant  entrance  to  the  building  only  a  few  steps 
above  the •  sidewalk,  opening  on  the  basement  level. 
From  this  entrance  there  is  a  large  vestibule,  making 
a  direct  approach  to  the  lending  and  delivery  room, 
occupying  one  of  the  two  courts,  eighty-five  feet  square, 
which  will  be  covered  with  glass.   There  will  be  a  third, 
ess  important  entrance  on  Fortieth  Street,  communi- 
cating with  stairs  and  elevators  to  all  those  portions  of 
he  building  devoted  to  practical  purposes  of  the  admin- 
stration  of  the  library.    The  north  side  of  the  building, 
on  Forty-second  Street,  will  be  devoted  to  special  read- 
ng  rooms  and  rooms  for  maps,  newspapers,  public  doc- 
uments, etc.  The  top  floor  will  be  devoted  to  the  main 
reading  rooms,  paintings,  and  special  exhibitions,  insur- 
ing light  and  quiet.    Messrs.  Carrere  &  Hastings,  the 
architects,  have  endeavored  to  construct  a  building  con- 
forming to  the  modern  spirit  and  the  necessary  pur- 
poses of  the  structure.    They  have  wisely  adopted  the 
purest  modern    and    classical    architectural  motives 
.vithout  slavishly  following   any   particular   period  or 
■.triving  for  anything  especially  new  in  style.    The  Ionic 
?olumns  on  the  Fifth  Avenue  side  are  forty-six  feet  in 
Kight,  including  the  entablature. 

The  pictures  which  we  offer  our  readers  of  these 
rreat  changes  which  are  taking  place  in  the  outward 
ppearance  of  this  metropolis  are  valuable  mementos 
•f  a  period  which  is  rapidly  passing  away.  New  York 
eems  to  be  entering  on  a  vast  development  of  wealth 
nd  population  and  architectural  splendor.  In  this  re- 
pect  it  is  not  alone.  Nearly  all  the  great  cities  of 
imeriea  are  throbbing  with  life  and  laying  deep  the 
jundatiuiis  of  future  lnagnilieenee. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/manhattanhistoriOOober_0 


THE  GREATER  NEW  YORK  GUIDE  BOOK 


MANHATTAN 

HISTORIC  AND  ARTISTIC 
a  J&teHas  Stout 


By  CYNTHIA  M.  WESTOVER  ALDEN 


THE  MORSE  COMPANY 
New  York    Boston  Chicago 


IIS 

AL12 


W.79=! 


CENTRAL 


PARK 


W.59l-*St 


wei^stJ 

MUSEUM 
BBHof 

NATURAL 
HISTORY 


-St.  CROSSTO1  iVN 


SUBWAY 
SURFACE  LINE 
ELEVATED  » 
STAGE 


W.59*St- 


SURFACE 

8th  Ave.  Line,  Stop  77th  St. 
Columbus  Ave.   "    79th  " 
Amsterdam  Ave."   79th  " 
Broadway  "   79th  " 

Crosstown  Line"   86th  " 


ELEVATED 

6th  '  up  Columbus  Avenue 
9th  \   to  W.  8lst  St.  Station 

SUBWAY 


up  Broadway 
to  W.  79th  St.  Station 


PREFACE. 


This  work  is  a  complete  revision  and  logical 
development  for  Greater  Xew  York,  of  the  vol- 
ume tinder  the  same  name  that  was  published 
in  1892  and  met  with  immediate  and  continued 
public  favor.  It  does  not  seek  to  take  the  place 
of  a  directory.  Many  places  of  considerable  in- 
terest are  barely  mentioned,  and  some  are  not 
mentioned  at  all  here.  No  catalogue  of  The- 
atres, or  Hotels,  or  Churches,  or  Parks,  or  Li- 
braries will  he  found  in  these  columns.  Direc- 
tories are  easily  accessible.  The  want  that  was 
tilled  for  the  Xew  York  of  1892,  by  Manhattan, 
Hi 'sft yric  and  Artistic,  is  filled  for  the  mammoth 
New  York  of  1898  by  the  present  issue.  Visi- 
tors  are  told  how  to  follow  routes  covering 
twelve  half  days,  with  an  extra  day  in  Brook- 
lyn, so  arranged  as  to  bring  them  within  reach 
of  a  burger  number  of  interesting  features  than 
any  other  routes  taking  the  same  time  would 
furnish,  every  foot  of  the  ground  having  been 

3 


4 


PREFACE. 


gone  over  and  the  time  carefully  registered. 
The  hours  when  visitors  are  admitted  to  differ- 
ent institutions  are  always  mentioned,  and  cal- 
culated for  in  the  itinerary. 

Sightseers  will  find  their  efforts  greatly  facil- 
itated by  reading  the  book  before  undertaking 
to  follow  any  of  the  routes  mapped  out  for  them. 
Many  places  not  indicated  in  the  time-table,  but 
described  in  the  text,  are  too  interesting  to  be 
passed  by  unobserved,  and  they  may  be  of  suf- 
ficient importance  to  some  individuals  to  induce 
a  change  of  plan.  Plain  directions  accompany- 
ing each  description,  will  enable  the  stranger  to 
avoid  mistakes.  The  routes  are  plainly  marked 
on  the  maps.  The  book  should  therefore  be  a 
valuable  aid  to  residents  who  are  unable  to  de- 
vote their  time  to  conducting  guests  about  the 
city. 

This  work  also  aims  to  be  a  serviceable  book 
of  reference.  As  a  Primer  of  the  History  of 
New  York  it  is  a  condensed  compilation  of  the 
best  authorities,  and  brings  the  past  into  a  jux- 
taposition with  the  present  that  makes  every* 
locality  instructive. 


PREFACE.  5 

To  the  courtesy  which  the  author  invariably 
received  from  historians,  librarians,  officials,  and 
other  persons  to  whom  she  applied  for  informa- 
tion or  special  privileges,  the  character  of  this 
work  is  largely  due  it  is  a  pleasant  duty  to 
acknowledge  this  indebtedness. 

Cynthia  M.  Westover  Aldi:x. 


TIME-TABLE  ANJ)  ITINERARY. 


DESCRIPTION 
PA(JE. 


If  Hi,  t  IKS  I  AlOKJNlJNG. 

1 1 

9.00  A.M. 

Battery  Terminus. 

11-21 

9.25  " 

Fraunces'  Tavern. 

21-23 

9.50  »« 

Produce  Exchange. 

23-20 

10.20  " 

Trinity  CnuRcn. 

30-34 

10.40  «' 

Stock  Exchange.  .... 

34 

10.50  " 

Wall  Street.  .... 

34-37 

11.00  " 

Assay  Office.  .... 

37 

11.15  " 

Treasury  Building. 

37 

11.40  " 

Equitable  Building. 

42 

12.00  m. 

Luncheon  at  the  Cafe  Savarin  in  the 

Equitable  Building. 

45 

THE  FIRST  AFTERNOON. 

47 

1.15  P.M. 

"  TlIK    Rl'SSI  \N    WFDDIN'fl    Ff  \  KT  "    \  PlP- 

ti  ke   Exhibited  at  No.   24  John- 

Street.        .  ... 

48 

1.45  " 

St.  Paul's.  ..... 

49 

1.55  " 

City  Hall  Park. 

54 

2.10  " 

The  Governor's  Room. 

56 

2.35  " 

American  Tract  Society  Building. 

59 

3.05  " 

Franklin  Square.  .... 

60 

3.35  " 

Brooklyn  BRIDGE. 

61 

Broadway  Cars.  .... 

tto 
DO 

4.45  " 

Wanamaker's,   Formerly   A.  T.  Stew- 

art's, Dry  Goods  Store.  . 

07 

5.15  " 

Grace  Church.  .... 

70 

THE  SECOND  MORNING. 

73 

9.00  A.M. 

"  After  the  Hi  nt,"  a  Picture  Bxhib 

it ed  at  No.  8  Warren  Street. 

73 

9.15  " 

Park  How.  .... 

75 

9.45  " 

Chatham  Square.  .... 

76 

9.55  " 

The  Five  Points  Holm.  09  lndubtry. 

77 

10.40  " 

The  Tombs.  .... 

79 

11.35  " 

MOTT  Street.  .... 
7 

81 

8 


TIME-TABLE  AND  ITINERARY. 


DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 

THE  SECOND  MORNING.— Continued. 

11.45  a.m.    Elevated  Railway  Station  at  Chatham 

Square.        ....  81 

12.10  p.m.    The  Astor  Library.  ...  83 

12.45   "      Luncheon  at  St.  Denis  Hotel.        .  88 


THE  SECOND  AFTERNOON. 

89 

2.00  p.m. 

Cooper  Union.  .... 

89-96 

2.40  " 

Stuyvesant  Square. 

'  96 

2.55  " 

Union  Square.  .... 

99 

3.15  " 

West  Fourteenth  Street. 

102 

3.45  " 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 

104 

5.00  " 

Supper  at  Dairy  Kitchen. 

106 

THE  THIRD  MORNING.    .         .  107 

Meet  in  Union  Square.         .         .  107 
"Choosing  the  Bride,"  a  Painting  Ex- 
hibited   at    Schumann's  Jewelry 

Store.     .....  107 

Gramercy  Park.           .          .          .  109 

Academy  of  Design.  .  .  .111 

American  Art  Galleries.       .          .  114 
Luncheon  at  Delmonico's,  Corner  op 
Fifth    avenue   and  Twenty-sixth 

Street.   .         .         .         .         .  119 

THE  THIRD  AFTERNOON.  121 

2.00  p.m.    Madison  Square.      ....  121 

3.30   "      Works  op  Art  in  the  Hoffman  House.  122 

4.00   "      Knoedler's  Art  Gallery.      .         .  123 

4.50   "      Broadway  Cars,  Going  Northward.      .  123 


9.00  A.M. 
9.35  " 


10.15  " 
10.30  " 
12.00  m. 
1.00  P.M. 


THE  FOURTH  MORNING.       .  128 

9.00  a.m.  Fourth  Avenue  Cars  at  Union  Square.  128 

9.25   "  A  Tour  in  Fourth  Avenue.        .          .  128-140 

10.00  "  Lenox  Library.           ...  140 

11.00  "  Fifth  Avenue  Stage.        .         .         .  143 

11.15  "  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral.       .         .  147 

11.35   "  Fifth  Avenue  Stage.        .          .          .  148 

12.00  m.  Washington  Square.     .         .         .  158 

12.30  p.m.  Luncheon.      .....  161 


TIME-TABLE  AND  ITINERARY, 


9 


DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 

THE  FOURTH  AFTERNOON.    .  162 
THE  DRIVE.   .  .  .  163-179 

2.00  p.m.  "The  Circle,"  Corner  of  Fifty-ninth 
Street  and  Eighth  Avenue. — Boule- 
vard to  One  Hundred  and  Tenth 
Street. — One  Hundred  and  Tenth 
Street  to  Morningside  Avenue 
West.— Morningside  Avenue  West 
to  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sec- 
ond Street. — Amsterdam,  or  Tenth 
Avenue,  to  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
second  Street. — One  Hundred  and 
Forty-second  Street  to  Convent 
Avenue. — Convent  Avenue  to  One 
Hundred  and  Forty  third  Street. 
—  One  Hundred  and  Forty-third 
Street  to  the  Boulevard,  or  Elev- 
enth Avenue. — Boulevard  to  One 
Hundred  and  Sixty-first  Street. — 
St.  Nicholas  Avenue  to  One  Hun- 
dred and  Eighty- first  Street. — 
One  Hundred  and  Eighty-first 
Street  to  Washington  Bridge. — 
Sedoewick  Avenue  to  McComb's  Dam, 
or  Central  Bridge. — Seventh  Ave- 
nue to  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
fifth  Street. — One  Hundred  and 
Forty-fifth  Street  to  Boulevard. 
— Boulevard  to  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty -first  Street.  —  One  Hun 
DRED  and  Thirty-first  Street  to 
Twelfth  Avenue. — Twelfth  Ave- 
nue to  Riverside  Park. — Riverside 
Drive. 


THE  FIFTH  MORNING.  .  180 

central  park. 

!>.0<)  a.m.  The  Zoological  Gardens,  Corner  of 
Sixty  -  fourth  Street  and  Fifth 
Avenue.  ....  182 


10 


TIME-TABLE  AND  ITINERARY. 


DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 

THE  FIFTH  MORNING.  — Continued. 

9.30  a.m.  Mall  and  Terrace.  .  .  183 
10.00  "  Park  Phaeton  at  Terrace.  .  .  184 
10.15  "  The  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory. .  .  .  188 
11.45  "  Park  Phaeton.  ....  190 
12.00  m.     Luncheon  in  Central  Park  at  McGow- 

an's  Pass  Tavern.  .  .         .  191 


THE  FIFTH  AFTERNOON.           .  192 

1.00  p.m.    Points  of  Historical  Interest.  McGow- 

an's  Pass,  Block  House,  Etc.    .  193 

2.00   "      Park  Phaeton.        ....  193 

2.15   "      The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art.  195 

5.00  "      Park  Phaeton.   ....  200 

THE  SIXTH  MORNING.    .          .  202 
THE  islands. 

9.00  a.m.    Bedloe's,  or  Liberty,  Island.          .  202 

10.30   "      Ellis  Island.           .         .         .         .  206 

11.30  "  Governor's  Island.  ...  209 
12.30  p.m.    Luncheon  at  Delmonico's,  Junction  of 

Beaver  and  William  Streets.       .  211 


THE  SIXTH  AFTERNOON.       .  212 

2.00  p.m.  Boat  for  Glen  Island  Leaves  Pier  at 
the  Foot  of  Cortland  Street  for 
a  Sail  on  the  East  River,  Passing 
Blackwell's,  Ward's,  and  Randall's 
Islands.  ....  212-224 


EXTRA  DAY'S  OUTING.         .  225 

A  Peep  at  the  City  of  Churches. — A 

Sunday  in  Brooklyn.  .         .  225-234 


[Views  Taken  by  Richard  Varick.  Penton.] 


THE  GREATEE  NEW  YORK. 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE  FIRST   MORNING.  THE   RATTER V. 

Dutch  Occupation. — Within  the  region  of 
the  little  park  which  is  situated  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  city,  where  we  find  ourselves 
at  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  first  day  of 
the  six-day  tour,  are  clustered  many  ofthe  most 
interesting  associations  ofthe  past.  In  1626 
Manhattan  Island  was  purchased  by  the  Dutch 
West  [ndia  Company  from  the  Indians  tor  heads, 
buttons  and  trinkets,  equivalent  in  value  to 
about  twenty-four  dollars.  A  blockhouse  hav- 
ing been  erected  as  a  fortification,  the  settlers, 
who  soon  came  from  Holland,  formed  about  it 
a  little  colony  which  they  called  New  Amster- 
dam. The  fortress,  which  was  named  Port 
Amsterdam  and  inhabited  1>\  hutch  governors 
for  over  fifty  years,  stood  on  the  spot  n<>w  occu- 

11 


12 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


pied  by  the  steamship  offices  opposite  Bowline- 
Green — the  water  edge  being  then  nearer  than 
at  present. 

As  at  this  time  Manhattan  Island  was  within 
the  limits  of  the  northern  colony  of  Virginia,  it 
belonged  in  reality  to  the  British  crown,  but 
its  possession  was  not  disputed  until  the  year 


THE  OLD  FORT  AT  THE  BATTERY. 


L664,  when  diaries  the  Second  granted  to  his 
brother,  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  territory 
now  comprising  the  States  of  New  York,  New 
Jersey  and  Delaware.  Immediately  after  the 
transfer  of  this  property,  the  new  owner  dis- 
patched troops  who  forced  the  Dutch  governor 
(Stuyvesant)  to  surrender — when  the  name  of 
the  colony  was  changed  to  Xew  York  in  honor 


14 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


of  the  conqueror.  From  this  time,  Manhattan 
Island  was  alternately  in  the  hands  of  the  Dutch 
and  the  English  until  1674,  when  Great  Britain 
regained  possession  and  remained  in  power  dur- 
ing the  interval  that  preceded  the  Revolution. 

British  Occupation. — This  peaceful  epoch 
constituted  the  golden  age  of  colonial  history. 
As  late  as  the  year  1700  there  were  but  three 
hundred  houses  on  this  portion  of  the  Island, 
and  on  moonless  nights  the  streets  were  lighted 
by  lanterns  (containing  candles)  hung  on  a  pole, 
from  the  window  of  every  seventh  house.  The 
region  of  the  Battery  was  the  court  end  of  the 
town,  where  the  English  governors  and  their 
suites,  together  with  wealthy  Dutch  families, 
formed  a  circle  famous  for  its  culture,  wit  and 
beauty.  During  this  regime  the  etiquette  of 
foreign  courts  was  punctiliously  observed. 

American  Occupation. — After  the  establish- 
ment of  American  independence,  the  old  fort 
was  torn  down,  and  a  mansion,  intended  as  a 
residence  for  the  President,  was  built  upon  its 
site ;  but  as  this  edifice  was  not  completed  until 
after  the  removal  of  the  capital  from  New  York, 
it  was  never  occupied  by  the  President,  but  be- 
came the  gubernatorial  residence  until  the  re- 
tirement of  John  Jay.     After  this  time  the 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


15 


apartments  were  used  as  offices  until  the  man- 
sion was  replaced  by  the  buildings  now  stand- 
ing on  the  site. 

In  L805,  a  new  fort,  erected  at  a  little  dis- 
tance from  the  old  site,  was  named  Fort  (Tm- 
ton.  but  its  shape  gave  it  the  popular  soubri- 
quet of  "  Castle."  As  originally  built,  the  fort 
was  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  strip  of 
water,  bridged  l>v  a  draw.  It  was  a  circular 
building  of  solid  stone  masonry,  the  walls  of 
which  were  in  some  places  thirty  feet  thick, 
mounted  with  barbette  and  casement  guns,  and 
regarded  as  a  triumph  of  skill  and  solidity,  al- 
though against  modern  inins  it  would  have 
been  a  mere  egg-shell.  As  the  chief  defence  of 
the  city  of  Xew  York,  it  was  liberally  armed 
and  garrisoned  bv  the  Government. 

When  in  1814,  the  blockade  which  the  Eng- 
lish had  established  at  the  southern  ports  be- 
came extended  along  the  coast,  the  possibility 
of  a  naval  attack  caused  the  citizens  of  New 
York  to  erect  works  on  Brooklyn  Beights,  on 
the  islands  in  the  bay.  alone;  the  shores  of  the 
lower  bay.  and  at  different  points  on  the  Hud- 
son and  East  Rivers;  thus  making  Port  Clinton 
practically  useless  for  military  purposes.  It 
was,  therefore,  not  long  before  the  Government 


16 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


deeded  the  property  to  the  State,  since  which 
time  it  has  been  called  Castle  Garden,  and  lias 
been  used  for  civic  purposes  only. 

Castle  Garden. — Following  the  time-table 
laid  down  in  the  itinerary,  at  9:25  we  will  visit 
Castle  Garden,  which  occupies  the  most  beauti- 
ful spot  on  the  Battery.  After  the  fort  and  the 
surrounding  grounds  became  state  property, 
the  whole  aspect  of  the  place  was  changed. 
Groves  of  trees  were  planted,  and  the  parks 
thus  made  became  the  favorite  resort  of  the 
fashionable.  Elegant  mansions  occupied  the 
whole  of  State  Street,  some  of  which  remain, 
shorn  of  balconies  and  piazzas,  and  giving  little 
evidence  of  their  former  grandeur.  From  the 
windows  of  these  residences  were  witnessed  the 
pageants  occasioned  by  the  inauguration  of 
Washington,  and  the  opening  of  tin1  Erie  (anal 
— when  De  Witt  Clinton,  with  great  solemnity, 
poured  the  waters  from  Lake  Erie  into  those  of 
the  bay.  Whitehall  Street  also  was  lined  with 
stately  homes,  but  a  great  tire  swept  them  all 
away.  On  festive  occasions  the  trees  in  front  of 
the  drawbridge  were  lighted  with  colored  lamps, 
and  the  draw  was  decorated  with  bunting,  while 
bird-cages  and  hanging-baskets  were  hung  in 
the  casements.    Brilliant  receptions  were  held 


18 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


within  the  fortress  in  honor  of  Lafayette,  Pres- 
ident Jackson,  President  Tyler,  and  Henry  Clay. 
It  was  here  that  a  funeral  cortege  met  the  re- 
mains of  John  Quincy  Adams.  In  1850  a  great 
union  meeting-  was  here  addressed  by  Henry 
Clay,  General  Cass,  Daniel  Webster,  R.  C.  Win- 
throp,  and  Ogden  Hoffman.  Indeed,  all  mass- 
meetings  and  celebrations  assembled  at  this  place 
until  the  uptown  movement  made  New  Yorkers 
require  more  central  accommodations. 

In  1817  Castle  Garden  was  fitted  up  as  a  the- 
atre and  opera-house,  and  its  stage  was  the 
scene  of  Jenny  Lind's  triumph  three  years  later. 
The  Julien  Concerts  and  the  voice  of  Madame 
Sontag  made  the  year  1852  an  equally  memor- 
able one  in  the  annals  of  its  musical  history. 

In  1855  a  great  change  occurred  in  this  his- 
toric building  ;  it  was  then  leased  to  the  State 
Board  of  Emigration,  and  used  as  a  landing  de- 
pot for  immigrants.  The  Federal  Government 
having  taken  to  itself  the  duty  of  receiving  this 
class  of  foreigners,  lias  constructed  more  elab- 
orate accommodations  for  them  on  Ellis  Island. 
Castle  Garden  is  now  occupied  by  the  New  York 
Aquarium.  It  was  opened  to  the  public  Dec. 
10,  1896.  There  are  fifty  species  of  fish  on  the 
ground   floor,  occupying    thirty-six    tanks  — 


GREATER  NEW  YORK, 


L9 


eighteen  on  a  side  and  seven  large  pools.  Up- 
stairs, there  are  forty-seven  tanks  ready  to  be 
filled.  There  are  from  fifteen  to  twenty  thou- 
sand visitors  every  Sunday.  This  Aquarium  is 
open  every  day  in  the  week.  The  total  expenses 
are  borne  by  the  city. 

The  sight-seers  should  hear  in  mind  that  this 
morning's  tour  is  '•done  on  foot."  There  is  no 
possible  way  of  utilizing  the  street-ears,  for  in 
every  block  of  the  way  is  found  some  object  of 
historical  interest  which  demands  more  time 
than  that  of  a  passing  glance  given  from  a 
street-car. 

Tin-:  Battery  at  the  Present  Time. — Ship- 
ping and  warehouses,  business  offices,  etc..  now 
surround  the  park  on  the  land  side,  almost  ob- 
literating the  historic  landmarks.  The  termini 
of  all  elevated  roads,  and  the  Broadway  and 
Belt  Line  surface  cars,  are  at  the  southern  ex- 
tremity, where  are  also  ferries  to  Brooklyn, 
Staten  Island.  Coney  Island.  Governor's  Island, 
and  Bedloe's  Island.  The  granite  structure  near 
by,  with  a  tower  ninety  feet  in  height,  is  the 
United  States  Barge  Office  a  building  intended 
to  accommodate  tin-  Surveyor  of  the  Port. 
Floating  bath-houses,  that  furnish  free  bathing 
facilities  during  the  warm  season,  are  moored 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


21 


to  the  Battery  w  alls.  A  statue  of  Captain  John 
Ericsson  was  erected   in   this   place  April  26, 

L893.    It  is  so  situated  as  to  face  the  incoming 

< 

steamers.  The  inscription  on  the  pedestal  reads  : 

"The  city  of  New  York  erected  this  statue  to 
the  memory  of  a  citizen  whose  genius  has  con- 
tributed  to  the  greatness  of  the  Republic  and  to 
the  progress  of  the  world." 

Points  of  Interest  between  the  Battery 
and  Bowling  Green.  The  first  Custom  House, 
erected  during  the  administration  of  Peter 
Stuyvesant,  stood  at  the  corner  of  State  and 
Whitehall  streets.  In  Pearl  Street,  between 
State  and  Whitehall,  stood  the  first  church  and 
parsonage  of  \e\v  Amsterdam,  surrounded  by 
the  walls  of  the  fort.  South  of  this,  in  White- 
hall Street,  the  United  States  Army  Building 
rears  an  imposing  front. 

Tin:  Old  Fraunces'  Tavern  still  stands  at  the 
southeastern  corner  of  Pearl  and  Broad  streets. 
This  building,  originally  the  home  of  Etienne 
De  Lancey  the  father  of  the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor was  converted  into  an  inn  after  the  owner 
had  built  a  more  palatial  residence  in  Broadway. 
The  "great  room"  of  the  establishmenl  was 
once  utilized  as  a  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  in 
it  occurred  the  closing  scene  of  the  Revolution 


22 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


— the  parting  of  Washington  with  his  officers, 
previous  to  the  surrender  of  his  commission  to 
the  Continental  Congress.  The  supreme  mo- 
ment had  arrived  when  these  brothers-in-arms, 
whose  mutual  efforts  and  sufferings  had  achieved 
a  sublime  victory,  must  part  from  their  leader 
and  from  each  other.  Filling  a  glass  with  wine, 
Washington  said  to  his  officers  :  "  With  a  heart 
full  of  love  and  gratitude,  I  now  take  leave  of 
you,  and  devoutly  wish  that  your  latter  days 
may  be  as  prosperous  and  happy  as  your  former 
ones  have  been  glorious  and  honorable.  I  can- 
not come  to  each  of  you  to  take  my  leave,  but  I 
shall  be  obliged  if  each  one  will  come  and  take 
my  hand."  Each  embraced  him  in  turn,  too 
much  overcome  with  emotion  for  speech,  after 
which  the  General  silently  withdrew  from  the 
room,  and  entered  a  barge  which  awaited  him 
at  the  foot  of  Whitehall  Street.  The  room  hal- 
lowed by  this  memorable  event  is  still  preserved, 
but  it  is  used  as  a  restaurant  ;  the  lower  part  of 
the  building  is  a  saloon.  Relics  of  the  past 
adorn  its  walls,  and  an  old  table  is  shown,  which 
is  supposed  to  have  been  one  of  the  original 
articles  of  furniture.  The  building  has  several 
times  been  repaired,  but  some  of  the  Holland 
bricks  are  still  visible  in  the  walls,  while  others 


GREATER  WEW  YORK. 


23 


of  them  are  collected  in  the  cellar,  and  are  given 
to  relic-hunters  by  the  obliging  proprietor. 

During  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century  a 
Royal  Exchange  tor  Merchants  stood  at  the  foot 
of  Broad  Street.  This  curiously  constructed 
building  consisted  of  one  large  room  supported 
by  arches. 

In  State  Street,  near  the  corner  of  Bridge 
Street,  the  home  of  Washington  Irving  and  the 
famous  Knickerbocker  inn  of  Peter  Bayard  were 
situated. 

Bowling  Green. — Leaving  the  Battery,  we 
come  to  the  encircled  space  at  the  foot  of  Broad- 
way, which  has  been  known  as  "  Bowling 
Green  "  ever  since  the  early  davs  when  it  was  a 
market-place  in  front  of  the  fort,  and  a  field  for 
the  sports  of  Dutch  lads  and  lassies. 

Here  was  the  scene  of  the  riot  of  1765,  when 
the  Sons  of  Liberty  "  opposed  the  Stamp  Act. 
burned  the  effigy  of  the  English  governor,  and 
cast  his  coach  into  a  bonfire  that  had  been 
made  of  a  wooden  fence  which  then  surrounded 
the  Green.  When  the  cities  of  the  colonies  after- 
ward united  to  form  a  Stamp-Act  Congress,  and 
thus  secured  the  repeal  of  this  obnoxious  law. 
the  gratitude  of  the  citizens  induced  them  to 
erect  a  leaden  equestrian  statue  of  George  111. 


□□ 
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□□□□ 
ieoo 

□ 

bbedzd 


NEW  YORK  CITY 

MIDDLE  SECTION. 

SCAuE  OF  MILES 


X  H        .  X 

Rom  of  Third  Day  h 

iRouleo/ fourth  Day  A.M. 

'  P.1T. 


o 
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II  ^  ' 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


25 


upon  the  centre  of  the  Green.  This  was  pulled 
down  in  L776,  at  the  time  of  the  reading  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  was  afterward 
incited  into  bullets  and  used  for  the  defence  of 
American  liberty.  The  iron  halls,  with  which 
the  pickets  of  the  fence  surrounding  the  statue 
had  been  decorated,  were  at  the  same  time  taken 
for  cannon-shot. 

Another  event  which  marked  the  tame  of  this 
locality  was  the  parade  of  1788,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  adoption  of  the  ( institution  by  New  York 
State.  This  was  the  first  important  pageant 
ever  seen  in  America,  and  in  it  every  class  of  the 
population  appeared,  even  the  most  noted  per- 
sonages. The  President  and  members  of  Con- 
gress, while  watching  the  procession  from  the 
walls  of  the  tort,  were  saluted  with  a  salvo  of 
thirteen  guns  from  a  float  representing  a  Fed- 
eral ship,  emblazoned  with  the  name  of  Alex- 
ander Eamilton,  and  manned  by  thirty  sailors, 
with  a  full  complement  of  officers. 

In  L789  the  face  of  the  first  President  of  the 
Republic  appeared  on  a  huge  transparency 
which  adorned  the  Green  on  the  evening1  of  his 
inauguration. 

A  fountain  and  flower-beds  inclosed  by  an 
iron  railing  now  occupy  this  historical  site. 


26 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Lower  Broadway  from  Bowling  Green  to 
Trinity  Church. — East  of  Bowling  Green,  the 
first  object  which  attracts  attention  is  the  Pro- 
duce Exchange,  a  magnificent  structure  of 
granite,  terra-cotta,  and  red  brick,  and  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  architecture  in  New  York, 
the  style  being  a  modification  of  Italian  Renais- 
sance. The  gallery  is  opened  to  visitors  during 
the  hours  of  exchange — from  10  o'clock  a.m.  un- 
til 3  o'clock  p.  m. — and  the  clock-tower,  or  cam- 
panile, from  which  a  beautiful  view  of  the  city 
and  bay  may  be  obtained.  This  tower  is  accessi- 
ble, when  tickets  are  procured  from  the  superin- 
tendent, at  all  times,  except  Saturdays  in  the 
afternoon,  and  Sundays.  From  the  corner  of 
Beaver  Street  may  be  seen  a  portion  of  the 
Cotton  Exchange — a  handsome  edifice  of  yellow 
brick,  with  stone  facings. 

The  Washington  Building,  ]Sto.  1  Broad- 
way, is  a  gigantic  structure  twelve  stories  in 
height,  which  was  erected  by  Cyrus  W.  Field. 
The  detail  of  its  architectural  plan  is  crude 
French  Renaissance.  Adjoining  on  the  north, 
and  several  stories  high,  is  the  massive  Bowling 
Green  Building.  This  side  of  Broadway  was 
once  occupied  by  the  residences  of  wealthy  and 
famous  persons. 


28 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


The  Kennedy  House,  built  in  1760  by 
Archibald  Kennedy,  Collector  of  the  Port,  stood 
at  the  corner.  It  was  a  spacious  and  elegant 
mansion  situated  in  the  midst  of  beautiful 
grounds  that  extended  to  the  water's  edge. 
General  Putnam  made  this  house  his  head- 
quarters previous  to  the  battle  of  Long  Island ; 
and  it  was  also  occupied  at  various  times  by 
Lord  Cornwallis,  Lord  Howe,  Sir  Henry  Clin- 
ton, and  Talleyrand.  Here  Benedict  Arnold 
arranged  his  conspiracy  against  his  country ; 
and  from  here  Washington  witnessed  the  depar- 
ture of  the  British  troops.  In  its  later  years 
this  residence  was  converted  into  the  Washing- 
ton Hotel.  The  second  house  was  a  spacious, 
old-time  edifice,  built  and  originally  occupied 
by  the  Honorable  John  AYatts.  It  is  also  said 
to  have  been  the  home  of  Benedict  Arnold  and 
Robert  Fulton.  Next  was  the  residence  of 
Judge  Robert  R.  Livingston,  and  afterward  of 
his  son,  Chancellor  Livingston.  From  here 
Washington  viewed  the  fireworks  on  his  inau- 
gural night.  The  fourth  house,  No.  7,  the  only 
relic  of  former  times  which  remains  standing  in 
this  vicinity,  was  the  interesting  home  of  John 
Stevens — the  inventor  and  builder  of  the  first 
steamship  that  ever  ploughed  the  ocean.  Nos. 


GREATER  NEW  YOUK. 


1)  and  11  were  connected  houses,  afterward  con- 
verted into  the  Atlantic  Garden,  the  site  of 
which  was  originally  occupied  l>v  the  tavern  <>|* 
a  Dutch  burgomaster,  Martin  Oregier. 

The  Welles  Building,  No.  is.  stands  on  the 

east  side  of  the  street.  .lust  beyond,  at  Xo. 
26,  is  the  imposing  pile  built  and  occupied  by 
the  Standard  Oil  Company.  This  edifice,  like 
many  of  our  buildings,  possesses  no  definite 
style;  indeed,  the  variety  that  is  to  he  found  in 
nearly  every  architectural  structure  in  the  city 
may  he  said  to  form  a  composite  that  is  dis- 
tinctly American  —it  being  almost  impossible 
to  preserve  a.  pure  historic  style  and  meet 
nn  >dern  requirements. 

Aldricb  Court,  at  Xo.  45,  is  a  sort  of  mod- 
ernized Romanesque. 

Tin-;  Consolidated  Stock  and  Petroleum  Ex- 
change, at  the  corner  of  Exchange  Place  and 
Broadway,  is  ;i  crude  conglomeration  in  design. 
Visitors  are  admitted  to  the  gallery  of  this  build- 
ing, from  10  o'clock  a.m.  until  \\  o'clock  p.m., 
to  watch  the  buying  and  selling  of  oil,  mining, 
and  railroad  stocks. 

Xo.  11  Broadway  is  the  place  where  stood  the 
first  habitations  erected  by  white  men  on  Man- 
hattan [slaml.    The  Mc( \>ml>  Mansion  occupied 


30 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


the  site  in  later  years,  where  lived  the  French 
minister  during  the  early  part  of  the  first  admin- 
istration, and  where  Washington  subsequently 
resided  for  a  few  months  previous  to  the  re- 
moval of  the  capital  to  Philadelphia.  No.  66 
Broadway  is  the  Manhattan  Life  Building,  the 
tower  of  which  is  occupied  by  a  United  States 
Signal  Service  Station.  "Farmer  Dunn"  is 
always  particularly  pleasant  to  any  visitor  who 
cares  to  venture  up  twenty-four  stories  in  order 
to  see  him.  There  are  certain  visiting  days,  but 
as  these  change,  the  best  way  is  to  get  special 
permission  from  the  authorities  in  the  Manhattan 
Building  main  office.  The  tower  of  this  build- 
ing is  the  highest  point  in  the  city. 

Trinity  Church. — The  conspicuous  brown- 
stone  edifice  which  next  challenges  attention  is 
"  Old  Trinity,"  one  of  the  most  interesting  land- 
marks in  New  York.  With  the  exception  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Collegiate  Corporation,  it  is 
the  oldest  church  organization  in  the  United 
States — Episcopacy  having  become  the  leading 
religious  system  under  the  royal  government. 
Trinity  Church  was  originally  erected  in  1696 
— a  grant  of  land  having  been  obtained  from 
William  and  Mary,  to  be  located  "in  or  near  to 
a  street  without  the  north  gate  of  the  city,  com- 


32 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


monly  called  Broadway."  In  1703  the  parish 
was  further  enriched  by  Queen  Anne  with  a  gift 
of  the  "King's  Farm,'7  a  district  including  about 
thirty  blocks  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  Be- 
cause the  clergy  persisted  in  reading  the  prayer 
for  the  king,  the  church  was  closed  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Revolution,  and  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1776.  In  1790  a  new  structure  was 
erected,  in  which  a  richly  ornamented  and  can- 
opied pew  was  dedicated  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  another  was  reserved  for  the 
Governor  of  New  York.  The  second  edifice  was 
pulled  down  in  1839,  and  it  was  not  until  1846 
that  the  present  handsome  specimen  of  Gothic 
architecture  was  erected  on  its  site. 

The  church  doors  always  stand  invitingly 
open.  Chimes  in  the  belfry  chant  the  hours. 
Inside,  carved  Gothic  columns  support  a  groined 
roof.  The  reredos,  which  is  a  memorial  to 
William  B.  Astor,  erected  by  his  sons,  is  a  per- 
fect flower-garden  of  architectural  art,  com- 
posed of  marbles,  Caen  stones,  and  mosaics  of 
glass  and  precious  stones.  The  middle  panel  of 
the  altar  is  made  up  of  a  Maltese  cross,  in  the 
four  arms  of  which  are  cut  cameos  representing 
symbols  of  the  Evangelists,  while  at  the  inter- 
section of  the  arms  is  a  delicately  outlined  bust 


<;/;/■:.  \  11:1;  .\/-:ir  TOUR. 


33 


of  the  Saviour.  A  ping  of  lapis  Lazuli  encircles 
the  cross,  in  which  are  set  chrvsoprase  and  car- 
buncles. Rays  are  formed  of  red  and  white 
tufa,  with  gold  as  an  enrichment}  and  the  whole 
is  framed  with  a  rich  carving  of  passion  flowers. 
At  each  side  are  kneeling  angels,  carved  in  white 
marble,  framed  by  red  Lisbon  marble  shafts, 
with  white  marble  carved  capitals  and  divisional 
hands.  The  side  panels  are  beautiful,  but  some- 
what less  elaborate.  The  carved  panels  above 
the  altar  line  represent  scenes  in  the  life  of 
Christ,  the  middle  one  being  a  line  rendering  of 
Leonardo  da  Vinci's  " Last  Supper.7'  Statuettes 
of  the  Apostles,  separated  by  red  granite  col- 
umns, occupy  the  next  Line,  with  a  Large  trian- 
gular carving  of  the  ( Irucifixion.  An  elaborately 
carved  course  of  foliage,  with  birds  and  flowers, 
forms  the  cornice,  which  is  broken  in  the  mid- 
dle l>v  a  gable  completed  by  a  plain  cross.  The 
four  buttresses  are  surmounted  with  pinnacles 
of  rich  carving  that  support  angels  with  uplifted 
wings,  the  treatment  being  similar  to  Fra  Ange- 
Lico.  The  whole  design  is  in  keeping  with  the 
characteristics  of  the  church,  the  style  being  the 
perpendicular  Gothic  of  the  fourteenth,  fifteenth, 
and  sixteenth  centuries. 

The  List  record  of  tnanv  names  illustrious  in 


34 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


history  may  be  found  in  the  graveyard  surround- 
ing the  church.  Near  the  left  entrance  is  the 
monument  to  Captain  Lawrence.  The  tomb  of 
Alexander  Hamilton  is  near  the  Rector  Street 
railing.  Just  west  of  it  is  the  vault  of  Robert 
Livingston,  in  which  also  reposes  the  body  of 
Robert  Fulton.  In  the  northeastern  corner  is  a 
monument  which  was  erected  by  Trinity  Cor- 
poration in  honor  of  the  heroes  who  died  in  the 
British  prisons.  Near  by  are  graves  that  date 
back  to  the  first  church,  and  in  close  proximity 
to  the  railing  is  a  flat  stone  marked  "  Charlotte 
Temple,"  which  indicates  the  grave  of  the  un- 
fortunate woman  whose  sad  history  is  told  in 
the  novel  that  bears  her  name. 

Trinity  Corporation  supports  several  chapels 
and  numerous  parochial  schools  and  charities. 
It  has  always  been  munificent  in  its  liberality 
to  public  and  private  interests.  Its  property  is 
very  valuable,  the  income  derived  from  it  be- 
ing  about  half  a  million  dollars  per  annum. 

Wall  Street. — Directly  opposite  Trinity 
Church  is  a  street  which  contains  almost  as  many 
associations  as  the  localities  previously  described, 
even  its  name  having  been  derived  from  the 
fact  that  a  protecting  wall,  which  defined  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  city,  once  followed  its 


BKUA!)  STUEET. 


36 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


course.  Elegant  residences  lined  the  street  in 
later  days,  that  subsequently  gave  place  to  gov- 
ernment buildings  and  the  financial  institutions 
that,  since  the  civil  war,  have  become  world- 
famous  through  the  extent  of  their  transactions. 

The  massive  and  imposing  buildings  that 
now  stand  at  the  south  side  of  the  street  are  the 
United  Bank  Building  at  the  corner  of  Broad- 
way ;  Xo.  10,  Astor  Building  ;  No.  13,  the  visit- 
ors' entrance  to  the  Stock  Exchange — one  of  the 
chief  places  of  interest  to  strangers — open  from 
9  to  3  o'clock  daily;  the  Drexel  Building,  at  the 
corner  of  Broad  Street,  the  Mills  Building  ad- 
joining the  Drexel  Building  in  Broad  Street  ; 
several  very  ornate  buildings  that  belong  to 
banking  concerns,  and  the  United  States  Cus- 
tom House — -a  structure  of  Quincy  granite  with 
a  portico  containing  eighteen  ionic  columns 
thirty-eight  feet  in  height.  The  rotunda  of  this 
building  is  eighty  feet  high,  the  dome  of  which 
is  supported  by  eight  pilasters  of  fine  variegated 
Italian  marble.  The  cost  of  this  structure  was 
$1,800,000.  The  departments  connected  with 
the  Custom  House  are  those  of  the  Collector, 
the  Naval  Officer,  the  Surveyor,  and  the  Deputy 
Surveyor — who  is  in  charge  of  the  Barge  Office 
at  the  Battery. 


(iUEATFAt  NEW  YORK. 


37 


Iii  1 T < > * >  a  slave-market  was  instituted  at  the 
foot  of  Wall  Street,  at  which  time  Africans  were 
brought  to  the  city  in  large  numbers. 

No.  16,  at  the  north  side  of  the  street,  is  the 
spot  identified  with  the  office  where  Professor 
Morse's  telegraphic  instrument  and  one  operator 
Long  remained  idle  while  waiting  for  the  recog- 
nition of  the  commercial  world.  The  handsome 
block  of  granite  near  by  is  utilized  entirely  for 
business  offices. 

The  United  States  Assay  Office,  where  vis- 
itors may  see  the  preparation  of  gold  and  silver 
bullion  daily,  between  the  hours  of  10  a.m.  and 
'1  p.m..  is  easily  identified,  being  the  oldest 
building  in  the  vicinity. 

Tile  United  States  Sub-Treasury,  at  the 
corner  of  Nassau  and  Wall  streets,  is  a  building 
associated  with  so  much  of  our  history  that  a 
short  digression  becomes  necessary. 

During  the  administration  of  the  third  Dutch 
Governor,  Kieft,  a  clumsy  stone  house  was 
erected  in  Pearl  Street  for  the  purpose  of  ac- 
commodating  travellers,  public  meetings,  and 
later,  a,  public  school.  Afterward,  when  the 
house  was  remodeled, %and  a  pillory,  cage,  whip- 
ping-post and  ducking-stool  were  added  to  its 
accommodations,  it  was  called  the  "  Stadt-Iluvs," 


38 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


or  City  Hall,  and  remained  in  active  use  until 
1700,  when  a  new  City  Hall  was  built  upon  the 
site  of  the  present  Sub-Treasury — the  ground 
was  one  of  the  gifts  to  the  city  from  Colonel 
Abraham  De  Peyster,  who  was  mayor  in  1691. 
Besides  the  rooms  necessarily  devoted  to  public 
business  in  this  later  edifice,  one  afterward  con- 
tained the  Corporation  Library,  a  gift  to  the 
city  of  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  volumes  ;  another  was  used  as  a  fire-engine 
house,  while  the  entire  upper  story  became  con- 
verted into  a  Debtors7  Prison.  From  the  bal- 
cony was  read  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
July  18,  1776,  amidst  the  rapturous  applause 
of  citizens  who  understood  the  fierce  struggle  it 
inaugurated.  After  the  war,  when  Congress 
appropriated  the  building,  it  was  remodeled  by 
private  subscription  into  the  Federal  Hall,  where 
AVashington  was  unanimously  elected  President 
of  the  new  Republic  ;  where  he  was  inaugurated, 
April  30,  1789,  and  where  Congress  met  while 
New  York  was  the  Capital  of  the  Nation. 

The  subsequent  rapid  growth  of  the  city 
necessitating  a  new  City  Hall  as  early  as  1812, 
the  Government  purchased  Federal  Hall  and 
erected  the  present  structure  on  its  site,  intend- 
ing it  originally  for  a  Custom  House.  This 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


39 


granite  edifice  is  of  Doric  design,  having  a  por- 
tico containing  marble  columns  thirty-two  feet 
in  height. 

The  Colossal  Statue  of  "  Washington 
Taking  the  Oath  of  Office,"  by  J.  (,).  A.  Ward, 


which  stands  at  the  entrance,  is  an  admirable 
work  of  art,  erected  by  the  New  York  Chamber 
of  Commerce  and  presented  to  the  United  States 
Government  in  1883,  President  Arthur  accept- 
ing the  gift  in  behalf  of  the  Government  just 
one  hundred  years  after  Washington's  triumphal 


40 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


entry  into  New  York.  Near  the  base  of  the 
statue  lies  the  identical  stone  upon  which  Wash- 
ington stood  during  the  ceremony  of  the  first 
inauguration.  The  inscription  on  the  pedestal 
is  as  follows  : 

"  On  this  Site,  in  Federal  Hall,  April  30,  1789, 

George  Washington 
took  the  oath  of  office  as  first  President  of  the 
United  States." 

Within  the  building,  to  which  visitors  are  ad- 
mitted from  10  o'clock  until  3  o'clock,  are  many 
vaults  for  the  storage  of  coins  and  notes.  Desks 
of  the  different  divisions  surround  the  rotunda, 
the  dome  of  which  is  supported  by  sixteen  Corin- 
thian columns  cut  from  solid  blocks  of  marble. 

Coffee  Exchange. — On  the  corner  of  Pearl 
and  Beaver  streets,  quite  near  the  Custom  House, 
is  the  New  York  Coffee  Exchange.  This  was 
organized  in  1882  and  has  over  three  hundred 
members.  The  transactions  yearly  amount  on 
an  average  to  3,000,000  bags. 

Among  the  other  large  buildings  you  find  in 
this  vicinity  are  Lord's  Court,  corner  of  Wil- 
liam and  Exchange  Place,  the  Johnson  Build- 
ing, No.  32  Broad,  and  the  Commercial  Cable 
Building,  corner  of  Broad  and  New,  next  the 
Stock  Exchange.    Now  walk  up  Wall  Street  to 


GREATER  NEW   FORK  I  1 

the  corner  of  Nassau,  and  there  stands  the  new 
Q-illenden  Building.  In  Broadway,  facing  Wall 
Street,  stands  Trinity  Church,  which  place  you 
have  already  visited. 

Lower  Broadway  and  Vicinity  from  Wall 
Street  to  the  Post-Office.  At  the  west  side 
of  Broadway,  one  block  north  of  Trinity  Church, 
stands  a  building,  No,  111.  which  was  erected 
1)\\  and  hears  the  name  of,  Francis  Boreel,  a 
Dutch  nobleman,  who  married  the  granddaugh- 
ter of  John  Jacob  Astor.  The  spot  on  which 
this  building  stands  was  originally  occupied  by 
the  elegant  home  of  Lieutenant-(  rovernor  James 
De  Lancey,  after  whose  death  the  property  was 
converted  into  a  public  house,  known  l>v  a  great 
variety  of  names,  the  most  famous  of  which  was 
'"Burns'  Coffee  House.*'  In  this  hotel  the  cele- 
brated "  Non-Importation  Agreement"  was 
signed.  Later,  the  house  became  a  favorite 
resort  of  the  British  officers,  on  account  of  its 
proximity  to  "  The  Mall  "  —a  fashionable  prom- 
enade in  front  of  Trinity  Church — and  after  the 
Revolution  its  "great  room  "  was  the  scene  of 
Washington's  inaugural  ball  ;  also  of  many 
public  dinners,  concerts,  and  assemblies.  In 
L793  a  syndicate  of  New  Fork  merchants  pulled 

down  the  old  building  and  erected  a  new  one, 


42 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


called  the  City  Hotel,  which  furnished  accom- 
modations for  the  entertainment  of  magnates,  as 
well  as  for  public  assemblies  of  every  descrip- 
tion. 

At  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  is  the  Guern- 
sey Building*,  No.  164.  The  Equitable  Life 
Insurance  Building,  on  the  same  side  of  the  way, 
between  Pine  and  Cedar  streets,  is  an  excellent 
specimen  of  modern  French  Renaissance.  The 
interior  contains  a  magnificent  court,  filled  with 
offices  and  stalls.  In  the  wall  near  the  stairway 
is  a  hue  mosaic.  The  story  occupied  by  the 
Equitable  Life  Insurance  Company  is  magnifi- 
cently decorated  with  marble. 

Mutual  Life  Insuuance  Building. — Pass 
through  the  Equitable  to  the  rear  and  you  will 
find  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Building,  sixteen 
stories  high  without  the  tower.  This  structure 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  2,000,000  of  dollars  and 
more ;  the  style  is  French  Renaissance.  The 
number  of  this  building  is  28  Nassau.  The  old 
building  is  on  the  corner  of  Liberty  Street  and 
Broadway. 

The  historic  Middle  Dutch  Church,  of  quaint 
Holland  architecture,  which  formerly  occupied 
the  site  of  the  Mutual  Life  Building,  was  erected 
in  1729,    Here  twelve  elders  with  stereotyped 


tilth:  AT  Ell  NEW  YORK.  43 


countenances  sat  insolemn  state  around  the  high 
pulpit,  and  listened  to  the  Dutch  dominies  whose 
learned  discourses  until  1764  were  delivered  in 
their  native  tongue.  It  was  in  the  wooden  steeple 
of  this  church  that  Franklin  experimented  with 
the  Lightning.    The   bell,  a  gift  from  Colonel 


Abraham  De  Peyster,  was  cast  in  Amsterdam, 
where  many  citizens  are  said  to  have  tin-own 
silver  coins  into  the  metal  while  it  was  in  fusion. 
During  the  Revolution  the  church  was  used  by 
the  English  fora  prison,  three  thousand  Federal 
troops  having  endured  incredible  sufferings 
within  its  walls,  while  almost  as  many  more  were 


44 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


confined  in  an  old  sugar-house  near  by.  In 
1844  the  property  was  sold  to  the  Government, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  was  used  as  a  post- 
office. 

Clearing-House  Association. — No.  81  Cedar 
Street  is  the  Clearing-House,  a  medium  through 
which  the  city  banks  exchange  the  amount  of 
checks  and  bills  which  each  holds  against  all 
the  others  for  the  amount  of  those  held  against 
them.  The  balances  are  made  up  during  the 
dav  by  the  Clearing-House,  and  the  different 
banks  are  notified.  This  Association  commenced 
operation  in  1853.  The  new  building  was  fin- 
ished and  occupied  in  1896. 

The  Association  is  now  composed  of  forty- 
seven  National  Banks  and  eighteen  City  Banks. 
The  Assistant  Treasurer,  U.  S.,  at  New  York, 
also  makes  his  exchanges  at  the  Clearing-House. 
There  are  seventy-seven  Banks,  Trust  Compa- 
nies, etc.,  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  not  members 
of  the  Association,  which  make  their  exchanges 
through  banks  that  are  members,  in  accordance 
with  the  resolution  adopted  October  14,  1890. 

The  Clearing-House  transactions  for  the  year 
ending  October  1,  1896,  were  :  Exchanges, 
$29,350,894,883.87;  Balances,  $1,843,289,238.- 
66  ;  making  a  total  transaction,  $31,194,184,- 


GREATER  .v/-:h  YORK. 


45 


1 22.5:5.  Total  transactioD  since  organization, 
forty-three  years,  $1,154,170,955,653.67.  The 
largest  daily  transactions  on  record,  February 
28,  L881,  amounted  to:  Exchanges,  $288,555- 
981.58;  Balances,  $7,265,440.29;  total,  $295,- 
822,442.37. 

By  tliis;  time,  if  you  have  followed  the  itin- 
erary, it  will  be  about  12  o'clock.  Return  to 
the  Equitable  Building  and  lunch  at  the  Cafe 
Savarin.  Of  course,  if  one  does  not  care  for 
such  an  elaborate  spread  as  is  served  here,  you 
will  find  in  the  immediate  vicinity  several 
smaller  restaurants,  where  a  cup  of  good  coffee 
and  a  sandwich  can  be  procured. 


NEW  YORK  CLEARING-HOUSE. 


CHAPTER  II. 


FIRST  AFTERNOON. 

One  o'clock  and  luncheon  over,  pass  through 
the  arcade  into  Nassau  Street.  No.  '11  is  the 
Bank  of  Commerce.  A  tine  building}  owned  by 
the  Library  Corporation,  and  containing  the 
earliest  loan-library  in  America — since  removed 
to  the  corner  of  Leonard  Street  and  Broadway 
— once  stood  at  the  corner  of  Nassau  and  Cedar 
streets.  Nassau,  one  of  the  oldest  streets  in 
New  York,  still  retains  the  narrow  irregularity 
of  the  foot-path  which  gave  it  its  direction. 

Walk  up  Nassau  to  Liberty  Street,  and  on 
one  corner  will  be  seen  a  building  known  as  the 
Syndicate;  Building,  one  of  the  latest  structures, 
with  all  modern  improvements. 

Continuing  up  Nassau  one  block,  you  will 
come  to  Maiden  Lane,  which  crosses  Nassau 
Street  one  block  north  of  the  Equitable  Build- 
ing. It  is  now  a  trade-centre  for  manufacturing 
jewelers,  but  was  once  ;i  favorite  resort  for 
laundresses,  on  account  of  the  little  stream  which 


48 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


flowed  through  it — hence  its  name,  "  Maagde 
paetze,"  or  ''Virgin's  path."  This  street  was 
laid  out  about  1G93,  when  Colonel  Fletcher  was 
governor. 

In  John  Street,  one  block  further  north,  was 
a  small,  wooden  theatre,  called  the  Theatre 
Royal,  in  which  British  officers  were  often  ama- 
teur performers,  and  where  Major  Andre  was 
both  amateur  actor  and  scene-painter.  In  178G 
the  first  Methodist  church  was  erected  in  this 
street. 

"The  Russian  Wedding  Feast,'1  a  celebrated 
painting  by  Makoffsky,  is  exhibited  at  No.  24 
John  Street.  As  a  realistic,  life-like  painting, 
with  superb  coloring,  it  is  well  worth  a  visit. 
An  entrance  fee  of  twenty-five  cents,  which  is 
appropriated  to  some  charitable  institution,  is 
charged. 

At  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Dey  Street, 
directly  opposite  John  Street,  is  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  Building,  the  design 
of  which  is  technically  called  Neo-Grec.  The 
Coal  and  Iron  Exchange  is  one  block  south,  at 
No.  19  Cortland  t  Street, 

Fulton,  the  first  street  north  of  Dey  and  John 
streets,  is  known  by  the  same  name  from  one 
river  to  the  other.    Washington  Market  is  at 


CHEATER  AT?  11'  YORK. 


49 


the  Hudson  River  terminus,  and  Pulton  Market 
is  in  the  same  street,  near  the  Easl  River.  The 
region  overlooking  the  latter  market-place  was 
once  called  u Golden  Hill."  A  skirmish  at  (Tiff 
and  Pulton  streets,  in  January,  1770  caused 
by  the  indignation  which  the  British  soldiers 
aroused  by  repeatedly  demolishing  the  Liberty 
poles  erected  by  citizens— has  been  termed  the 
first  battle  of  the  Revolution.  In  this  first,  as 
in  the  last  conflict,  the  British  were  worsted. 

The  southeastern  corner  of  Fulton  Street  and 
Broadway  is  occupied  by  the  Woening  Post 
Building. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel,  the  next  attraction  in 
I>r< >adway.  was  built  in  1  766  by  Trinity  ( Jorpora- 
tion,  and  is  the  oldest  church  edifice  in  the  city. 
Trinity  Congregation  has  occupied  this  chapel 
several  times  while  its  own  edifice  was  in  pro- 
cess of  reconstruction.  Here  divine  service  was 
conducted  in  1789,  immediately  after  the  inau- 
guration of  Washington,  and  also  in  L889,  at 
the  centennial  celebration  of  that  event.  During 
the  early  part  of  his  administration  the  first 
President  worshiped  in  the  pew  which  is  sit- 
uated under  the  gallery  at  the  northern  side  of 
the  chapel,  about  half'-wav  between  the  chancel 
and  the  vestry,  and  adorned  by  ;i  fresco  of  the 


GREATER  NEW  YORK,  51 

American  Basle.  Governor  Georfje  Clinton 
occupied  the  |H'\v  directly  opposite. 

The  churchyard  adds  to  the  venerable  appear- 
ance of  the  chapel.  Under  the  portico,  at  the 
Broadway  side,  lie  the  remains  of  General  Rich- 
ard Montgomery,  who  was  killed  in  177-~>  while 
storming  Quebec,  and  on  the  wall  above  is  a 
tablet  erected  to  his  memory  by  order  of  Con- 
gress. At  the  left  stands  a  monument  to  Thomas 
Addis  Emmet — the  brilliant  Irish  patriot  who 
came  to  America  soon  after  his  release  from  im- 
prisonment in  Ireland,  and  established  himself 
here  in  the  practice  of  law.  Dr.  Mac  \evin. 
Emmet's  compatriot  and  fellow-sufferer,  has  a 
monument  at  the  right.  The  actor.  George 
Frederick  Cooke,  is  also  buried  in  these  grounds. 
The  rector  and  vestry  of  Trinity  Church  occupy 
offices  in  the  building  at  the  rear  of  the  ceme- 
tery. 

The  block  at  the  north  of  the  chapel  is  occu- 
pied by  the  Astor  House.  The  New  York  ll<r<il<l. 
which  now  occupies  a  new  building  at  Broadway 
and  Thirty-fifth  Street,  was  formerly  at  the  south- 
eastern corner  of  Broadway  and  Ann  Street, 
where,  in  former  years,  l\  T.  Barnum  drew  large 
crowds  to  visit  his  American  Museum.  That 
site  is  now  occupied  1>\  the  St.  Paid  Building, 


52 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


which  with  its  tower  has  twenty-five  stories  de- 
voted to  office  use. 

The  Post-Office. — The  triangular  building: 
opposite  the  Astor  House  is  the  city  Post-office, 
completed  in  1877.  The  material  is  of  light- 
colored  granite,  and  the  architecture  is  a  mix- 
ture of  Doric  and  Renaissance,  the  domes  hav- 
ing been  patterned  after  those  of  the  Louvre  in 
Paris.  The  third  and  fourth  floors  are  occupied 
by  the  Law  Institute  and  Library,  and  by  the 
United  States  Courts  and  their  offices,  but  the 
remainder  of  the  building  is  used  entirely  by 
the  Post-office  Department.  From  twenty-two 
to  twenty-four  collections  are  daily  made  from 
twenty-two  hundred  lamp-post  boxes,  and  over 
two  thousand  men  are  employed  in  the  main 
office  and  the  seventy-seven  sub-stations  under 
its  control,  and  twenty-six  branch  post-office 
stations  in  addition. 

The  statistics  of  the  business  i >f  the  Post-office 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1896,  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

The  sale  of  stamps,  envelopes  and  cards  for 
the  year  amounted  to  $7,002,349.53.  The  net 
revenue  of  the  Post-office  for  1896  was  $4,646,- 
836.43.  Domestic  money  orders  amounting  to 
$10,293,547.33  were  paid,  and  the  international 


54_ 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


orders  paid  amounted  to  $526,520.93.  The 
city's  free  delivery  serviee  cost  $1,373,648.47 
and  the  special  delivery,  $45,850.96.  The  car- 
riers during  the  year  delivered  365,885,666 
pieces  of  mail  matter,  and  139,398,285  pieces 
found  the  persons  to  whom  they  were  addressed 
by  means  of  the  post-office  boxes. 

Of  registered  mail  handled  1,556,323  pieces 
were  delivered  in  the  city.  In  the  year  the 
total  number  of  pieces  of  mail  handled  was  1,361,- 
356,483,  or  a  daily  average  of  3,729,744. 

In  former  years,  before  the  Middle  Dutch 
Church  was  used  as  a  post-office,  a  rotunda  in 
the  park  north  of  the  present  building,  was 
changed  from  a  cyclorania  to  a  station  for  the 
distribution  of  Uncle  Sam's  mail.  The  indigna- 
tion of  the  merchants  was  at  this  time  aroused, 
because  the  Post-office  was  located  so  far  up- 
town. 

It  was  in  1718  that  the  first  rope-walk  ap- 
peared in  Broadway,  between  Barclay  Street  and 
Park  Place.  Columbia  College,  originally  called 
King's  College,  formerly  stood  west  of  Broad- 
way, in  Park  Place. 

City  Hall  Park. — The  park  at  the  north  of 
the  Post-office,  was  called  "The  Fields,"  or 
"  The  Commons,"  in  the  early  days,  the  ground 


GREATER  KEW  YORK. 


55 


now  occupied  by  the  post-office  being  included 
in  it.  At  a  public  meeting  in  this  place  Alex- 
ander Hamilton  delivered  his  maiden  speech. 

The  white  marble  building,  designed  in  the 
[talian  style  of  architecture,  is  the  City  Hall.  At 
the  time  of  its  completion,  in  1  XI  2,  it  was  unsur- 


CITY  HALL  AND  NATHAN  HALK  STATUE. 


passed  by  any  edifice  in  the  country;  indeed,  it 
was  the  only  chaste  and  classic  specimen  of  archi- 
tecture which  New  York  possessed,  until  the 
pure  Gothic  of  Trinity  and  Grace  churches  in- 
spired a  desire  for  something  better  than  the 
feeble   imitations  of  Greek   temples  that  had 


56 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


previously  abounded.  The  headquarters  of 
the  city  government  are  in  this  building  ;  also 
the  city  library.  The  "Governor's  Room7' 
contains  portraits  of  national  celebrities,  the 
chairs  used  by  the  first  Congress,  the  desk  on 
which  Washington  penned  his  first  message  to 
Congress,  and  his  inaugural  chair.  Here  the 
remains  of  President  Lincoln  lay  in  state,  while 
for  twenty-four  hours  a  sad  procession,  which 
even  during  the  night  did  not  diminish  in  vol- 
ume, surged  by  the  catafalque. 

The  County  Court  House  stands  at  the  north- 
ern end  of  the  park,  a  white  marble  building  of 
Corinthian  design,  which  perpetuates  the  mem- 
ory of  the  gigantic  frauds  perpetrated  during 
the  Tweed  regime.  Different  authorities  esti- 
mate the  cost  of  this  edifice  to  the  city  to  have 
been  from  eight  to  thirty  millions  of  dollars.  It 
now  accommodates  the  State  Courts  and  several 
of  the  city  departments.  The  city  almshouse 
formerly  stood  on  this  site. 

A  jail,  called  "  The  Provost,77  which,  previous 
to  the  Revolution,  had  been  erected  near  the 
eastern  border  of  the  park,  was  used  during  the 
British  occupation  for  the  confinement  of  nota- 
ble American  prisoners,  the  marshal  making 
himself  conspicuous  for  his  criminal  treatment 


CHEATER  NEW  YORK. 


57 


of  the  captives.  This  relic  of  revolutionary 
times  still  stands.  After  the  war  it  was  used 
as  a  debtors'  prison,  common  felons  having  been 
confined  in  the  "  Bridewell,"  which  stood  be- 
tween the  City  Hall  and  Broadway.  A  gallows 
frowned  between  the;  two  buildings.  In  1830 
"The  Provost"  was  remodeled  to  imitate  the 
Temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus,  and  has  since  been 
used  for  the  offices  of  the  Register,  except 
when,  during  the  cholera  scourge  of  ls:>"_!,  it 
was  converted  temporarily  into  a  hospital. 

Park  Row.— Because  the  group  of  lofty 
buildings  that  face  the  park  from  the  east  and 
south  are  mostly  newspaper  offices,  the  place  has 
received  the  name  of  "  Printing  House  Square.7' 
The  huge  structures  that  stand  a  little  to  the 
south  of  the  park  are  filled  with  law  and 
business  offices.  Temple  Court,  at  the  south- 
western corner  of  Nassau  and  Beekman  streets, 
is  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  in  height.  The 
Morse  Building,  at  the  northeastern  corner  of 
the  same  streets,  is  one  hundred  and  sixty-live 
feet  in  height.  The  Potter  Building,  opposite, 
at  the  northwestern  corner,  is  one  hundred  and 
eighty-five  feet,  and  in  this  is  situated  the  daily 
New  York  Press.  The  Times  Building,  just 
north  of  this,  is  two  hundred  and  thirteen  feet 


GREATER  SKW  YORK. 


59 


high.  The  material  of  this  Last  edifice  is  light 
granite,  and  its  style  is  a  beautiful  adaptation  of 
the  Gothic.  The  Tribune  Building,  which  was 
the  first  lofty  edifice  in  this  vicinity,  stands  at 
the  corner  of  Spruce  Street  and  Park  Row,  with 
a  bronze  statue  of  the  TWbuhe's  founder,  Eorace 
( J  reeley,  in  front  of  it. 

On  the  corner  of  Nassau  and  Spruce  is  the 
American  Tract  Society  Building,  which  is 
twenty-two  stories  high.  The  tower,  which 
consists  of  two  additional  stories,  contains  a  res- 
taurant, where,  for  a  moderate  price,  a  delight- 
ful luncheon  may  be  procured.  The  view  from 
this  tower  quite  equals  that  obtained  from  the 
Manhattan  Life.  The  Sun  Building  is  next  to 
the  Tribune  Building,  while  at  the  north,  tower- 
ing over  all.  is  the  Pulitzer  Building,  a  colossus 
of  the  colossi,  of  Scotch  sandstone  and  terra- 
cotta, three  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  in 
height.  The  Xcw  York  Journal  has  its  main 
offices  in  the  Tribune  Building.  The  Commercial 
Adrerfiser  is  at  21)  Park  How.  the  Mail  and  Er- 
yv/'cs'.s"  is  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Fulton 
Street,  the  Aw*  at  _>•")  Park  Row.  and  the  Stoats 
Zeitung  is  in  Tryon  Row,  opposite  the  Bridge. 

On  the  site  of  the  Potter  Building  were  for- 
merly the  "Brick  Church"  (Presbyterian),  <>t" 


60 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


which  the  popular  Dr.  Spring  was  pastor,  and 
the  Park  Theatre,  a  play-house  where  the  best 
society  witnessed  histrionic  exhibitions  by  Mat- 
thews, Cooper,  Cooke,  Kean,  Macready  and 
Junius  Brutus  Booth. 

The  Statue  of  America's  Philosopher  and 
Patriot,  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  Plassman, 
which  stands  in  the  Square,  was  given  to  the 
city  by  a  private  citizen  in  1872. 

Franklin  Square. — A  short  walk  in  Frank- 
fort Street,  an  unattractive  thoroughfare  south 
of  the  Pulitzer  Building,  affords  an  opportunity 
for  inspecting  the  supporting  towers  of  Brooklyn 
Bridge,  the  arches  under  the  bridge-approach, 
etc.  The  elevated-railroad  station,  which  crosses 
the  street  at  Franklin  Square,  marks  a  spot  once 
celebrated  for  its  aristocratic  residences.  The 
first  presidential  mansion  was  in  Cherry  Street, 
near  Pearl,  but  proved  to  be  inconvenient  be- 
cause so  far  out  of  town.  Walton  House,  the 
palace  of  the  city,  was  at  No.  326  Pearl  Street, 
the  grounds  extending:  eastward  to  the  river. 
Harper's  Publishing  House  is  the  only  object  of 
interest  in  the  vicinity  now,  business  and  tene- 
ment houses  having  obliterated  all  traces  of 
former  grandeur. 

The  Model  Tenement  Houses,  erected  by  a 


(iREATfiR  NEW  YORK. 


61 


company  composed  of  members  of  the  Society  for 
Ethical  Culture,  are  some  distance  beyond,  at 
No.  306  Cherry  Street.  The  houses  are  kept  in 
excellent  repair,  and  are  said  to  yield  four  and 
one-half  per  cent,  on  the  investment,  the  object 
of  the  company  being  to  realize  a  fair  profit  and 
not  an  exorbitant  one.  From  Franklin  Square 
to  South  Street  is  but  a  step  ;  there  the  Belt 
Line  cars  run  northeast  to  Montgomery  Street, 
near  which,  in  Cherry  Street,  these  houses  are 
situated.  Returning,  the  cars  at  the  corner  of 
East  Broadway  and  Essex  Street  will  convey 
passengers  to  Broadway  at  Ann  Street. 

Brooklyn  Bridge. — East  of  City  Hall  Park  is 
the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge,  over  which 
between  1:50,000  and  140,000  persons  pass  on 
loot  daily,  and  about  159,000  by  railway.  The 
footway  is  free  to  the  public  ;  the  car-fare  is  five 
cents  for  the  round  trip.  The  total  income  for 
L896  was  $1,112,957.  The  entire  length  of  the 
bridge  is  five  thousand,  nine  hundred  and  eigh- 
ty-nine feet,  and  its  width  is  eighty-five  feet,  in- 
cluding a  promenade  for  foot-passengers,  two 
railroad  tracks  on  which  run  passenger  cars 
propelled  by  electric  power,  and  a  stationary 
engine  for  auxiliary  cable  service,  on  the  Brook- 
lyn side    and  two  roadways  for  vehicles.  The 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


63 


floor  of  tlu'  bridge  at  its  greatest  height  is  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  above  high-water 
mark,  but  full-rigged  ships  have  to  strike  their 
topgallant  -  masts  to  pass  under  unimpeded. 
The  height  above  water  of  the  supporting  tow- 
ers is  two  hundred  and  seventy-two  feet.  The 
bridge  was  opened  in  the  summer  of  1883,  hav- 
ing been  constructed  at  a  cost  of  fifteen  millions 
of  dollars.  A  ride  over  the  railway  to  Brooklyn, 
returning  by  the  way  of  the  promenade,  will 
afford  the  best  views  of  the  bridge,  the  Bast 
River,  and  the  Bay. 

Lower  Broadway. — The  yellow  surface-cars 
that  pass  the  City  Hall  Park  at  the  west  on 
Broadway,  furnish  the  best  means  of  viewing 
that  street  as  far  up  as  Fourteenth  Street.  On 
the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Murray  is  the 
Postal  Telegraph  Building,  and  just  above  is 
the  Home  Life  Insurance  Building,  25 G  Broad- 
way. 

The  white  marble  building  at  the  Chambers 
Street  corner,  was  formerly  A.  T.  Stewart's 
wholesale  dry-goods  store,  but  is  now  remod- 
eled tor  offices.  The  site  was  originally  used 
as  a  negro  burial-ground.  Two  blocks  further 
north,  Duane  Street  marks  the  site  of  the  old 
NCw  York  City  Hospital,  built  in  1775,  and  sur- 


64 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


rounded  by  five  acres  of  ground,  containing 
magnificent  elms.  On  the  northwest  corner  of 
Broadway  and  Duane  Street  is  located  the  Mu- 
tual Reserve  Fund  Life  Association.  The  Ionic 
Building,  at  Leonard  Street,  belongs  to  the  New 
York  Life  Insurance  Company.  At  this  place 
Contoit's  Garden  used  to  call  together  the  fash- 
ionable people,  young  and  old,  to  enjoy  its  cool 
shade  and  partake  of  its  ices  and  lemonades. 
The  magnificent  building-  of  the  Globe  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Company  is  directly  opposite. 
On  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Pearl  stands 
the  Central  National  Bank  Building. 

Canal  Street,  so  called  because  a  canal, 
which  formed  an  outlet  for  the  waters  of  Collect 
Pond,  once  ran  through  it  to  the  Hudson  River, 
is  seven  blocks  north.  Sidewalks  and  roadways 
were  on  each  side  of  the  water — which  explains 
the  width  of  the  street — and  a  stone  bridge 
crossed  it  at  Broadway.  When  the  canal  was 
filled  in  this  bridge  was  left  intact,  and  still  re- 
mains imbedded  under  the  pavement. 

The  Board  of  Education  occupies  a  building 
at  the  right  of  Broadway,  in  Grand  Street,  two 
blocks  east,  No.  146. 

At  the  Prince  Street  corner,  three  blocks  up, 
was  the  spacious  and  pleasing  Niblo's  Garden 


66 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Theatre,  the  stage  usually  being  devoted  to 
spectacular  plays.  Both  the  theatre  and  the 
Metropolitan  Hotel  formerly  belonged  to  the 
estate  of  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart.  This  site  is  now 
occupied  by  the  Havemeyer  Building. 

Richmond  Hill,  the  delightful  country-seat 
where  General  and  Mrs.  Washington  were  quar- 
tered during  the  eventful  summer  of  1776,  was 
situated  west  of  this,  near  the  Hudson.  After- 
ward, when  it  was  the  home  of  the  first  vice- 
president,  Mrs.  Adams  wrote  of  it:  "In  natural 
beauty  it  might  vie  with  the  most  delicious  spot 
I  ever  saw."  It  was  the  residence  of  Aaron 
Burr  at  the  time  of  his  duel  with  Hamilton,  but 
was  soon  after  sold  to  John  Jacob  Astor,  who 
converted  it  into  a  public  resort. 

The  Central  Police  Station  is  the  next  point 
of  interest  near  which  the  car  passes.  It  is  sit- 
uated at  300  Mulberry  Street,  two  blocks  east 
of  Broadway,  and  one-half  block  north  of  Hous- 
ton Street.  In  it  is  exhibited  the  "  Rogues' 
Gallery,"  a  collection  of  more  than  a  thousand 
photographs  of  notorious  criminals.  A  general 
reorganization  of  the  police  force  was  begun  in 
1895.  There  are  thirty-five  precincts — one  of 
which  includes  the  harbor — each  under  the  com- 
mand of  a  captain  and  sergeants.    Each  precinct 


UREA  TER  SEW  YORK. 


67 


has  a  building  for  the  accommodation  of  police- 
men and  homeless  individuals. 

No  visit  to  the  city  would  be  complete  with- 
out inspecting  some  of  the  leading  stores,  and 
probably  none  of  them  has  so  many  interesting 
associations  as  the  extensive  dry-goods  house 
which  occupies  the  entire  block  between  Ninth  and 
Tenth  streets,  in  Broadway.  Stop  the  car  at  Ninth 
Street  in  order  to  visit  this  emporium.  It  is 
now  owned  by  John  \\  ananiaker,  of  Philadel- 
phia, but  it  was  A.  T.  Stewart  who  secured  for 
the  establishment  its  prominence. 

'  Between  Ninth  and  Twelfth  streets  are  the 
dry-goods  stores  of  John  Daniell  A:  Sons,  and 
James  McCreery  h  Co. 

Washington  Sc-take. — At  the  lower  end  of 
Fifth  Avenue,  having  an  area  of  about  nine 
acres,  is  a  public  park,  of  much  historic  inter- 
est. It  is  located  between  Fourth  Street  on  the 
south,  Waverly  Place  on  the  north.  University 
Place  on  the  east,  and  Macdougal  Street  on  da- 
west.  This  ground  was  formerly  occupied  as  a 
Potter's  field,  and  it  is  estimated  that  over  100,- 
000  bodies  have  been  buried  in  this  ground, 
where  now  the  multitude  of  living:  beings  grather 
for  pleasure. 

This  Square  has  been  in  past  years  the  resi- 


GREATER  NEW  YORK, 


69 


dence  of  mam-  of  the  old  New  Yorkers.  (  hi  one 
side  of  the  Square  is  the  University  Building 
and  the  Asbury  M.  E.  Church.  The  statue  of 
Garibaldi  is  worth  inspection. 

Washington  Memorial  Arch. — For  the  cele- 
bration of  the  centennial  of  the  inauguration  in 
this  city  of  General  Washington  as  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  there  was  erected  in 
L889,  in  Washington  Square,  a  triumphal  arch 
designed  by  Stanford  White,  surmounted  by  a 
colossal  statue  of  General  Washington.  From  this 
temporary  arch  originated  the  idea  of  construct- 
ing, from  the  same  design,  the  present  structure, 
built  of  white  Tuckahoe  marble  in  classic  style. 
The  corner-stone  was  laid  on  Decoration  Day, 
1  890.  The  capstone  hears  the  words  from  Wash- 
ington's inaugural  address.  u  Let  us  raise  a 
standard  to  which  the  wise  and  honest  can  re- 
pair.   The  event  is  in  the  hands  of  God." 

The  arch  is  77  feet  4  inches  high,  and  its  cost, 
which  was  $128,000,  was  paid  by  popular  con- 
tributions. 

Tin-:  Studio  Building,  in  West  Tenth  Street 
near  Sixth  Avenue,  was  for  many  years  the 
working-place  of  celebrated  artists.  Near  1>\ 
is  the  Jefferson  Market  court  and  prison,  an  ir- 
regular hut   unique  and  handsome  structure, 


70 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


built  of  red  brick  and  sandstone,  in  the  Italian 
Gothic  style.  Adjoining  this  is  Jefferson  Market, 
a  brick  structure,  richly  ornamented  with  terra- 
cotta. Unless  one  cares  to  devote  more  time 
than  is  allotted  for  the  afternoon  in  the  itinerary, 
it  will  be  best  not  to  cross  over  to  Sixth  Av- 
enue to  see  Jefferson  Market,  but  continue  on 
up  Broadway  to  Grace  Church. 

Grace  Church. — In  Broadway,  north  of  Tenth 
Street,  stands  Grace  Church,  which,  with  the 
edifices  attached,  is  built  of  white  limestone,  in 
chaste,  fourteenth  century  Gothic  style,  forming 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  architectural  effects 
in  the  city.  The  rectory  is  connected  with  the 
church  by  a  clergy-house,  which  contains  a 
library  and  reading-room  open  to  church  mem- 
bers. In  the  grounds  is  a  colossal  terra-cotta 
jar  that  was  found  forty  feet  below  the  surface 
in  Rome.  The  small  building  at  the  south  of 
the  church  is  the  chantry,  in  which  daily  services 
arc  held.  This,  with  the  chancel,  and  two  or- 
gans connected  by  electrical  machinery,  are 
gifts  from  Miss  Catherine  Lorillard  Wolfe,  the 
chancel  having  been  erected  as  a  memorial  to 
her  father.  The  tower  contains  a  fine  set  of 
chimes.  Back  of  the  church,  in  Fourth  Avenue, 
is  a  day-nursery  for  the  caring  for  young 


72 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


children  during  the  hours  when  their  mothers 
are  at  work.  This  is  known  as  Grace  Memorial 
Home,  and  was  erected  by  Vice-president  Levi 
P.  Morton,  as  a  tribute  to  his  wife. 

Grace  Church  was  founded  in  1805,  its  first 
building  occupying  the  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Rector  Street.  The  present  structure  was  built 
in  1846.  Next  to  Trinity,  Grace  is  the  wealth- 
iest Episcopal  church  corporation  in  the  city. 
On  the  corner  of  Eleventh  Street  is  the  St.  Denis 
Hotel. 

The  Star  Theatre,  at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth 
Street,  was  built  in  1862,  and  shortly  afterward 
came  under  the  able  management  of  Lester  Wal- 
lack,  who  for  twenty  years  associated  its  boards 
with  all  that  is  best  in  legitimate  comedy.  The 
Morton  House  is  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Four- 
teenth Street. 


CHAPTER  nr. 


THE  SECOND  MOKXIMJ. 

"After  the  Hunt,"  by  W.  M.  Harnett. — At 
!)  o'clock  the  party  will  find  itself  at  No.  8  War- 
pen  Street,  near  City  Hall  Park,  ready  for  the 
second  day's  sight-seeing.  A  remarkable  paint- 
ing, on  exhibition  at  No.  8  Warren  Street,  repre- 
sents an  old  barn-door  on  which  hang  imple- 
ments of  the  chase  and  trophies  of  a  hunt.  Prob- 
ably nothing  more  realistic  has  ever  been  seen 
on  canvas  than  these  panels,  so  marvelously  like 
wood,  in  which  a  cunningly  wrought  nail-hole 
deceives  the  most  practiced  eye.  A  battle  scene 
in  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  and  *'  The  Quarrel." 
by  Meissonier,  and  many  other  valuable  paint- 
ing's are  in  the  collection  here  exhibited.  Ladies 
are  frequent  visitors  between  the  hours  of  Sand 
1 1  o'clock. 

The  Staats  Zeitung  Building,  over  the  por- 
tals of  which  stand  life-size  bronze  statues  of 
Franklin  and  Gutenburg,  is  across  the  park,  at 
the  junction  of  Park  Row  and  Centre  Street. 

78 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


75 


The  total  valuation  of  this  property  is  $400,000. 
This,  in  the  old  days,  was  the  starting  point  of 
the  Boston  Road. 

Park  Row.  From  the  Slant*  Zeitung  Build- 
ing to  Chatham  Square,  Park  Row,  former- 
ly called  Chatham  Street,  lias  Long  been  in- 
habited by  dews,  who  deal  in  cheap  clothing. 
The  Newsboys'  Lodging-House  is  east  of  Park 
Row,  in  the  first  street  that  crosses  it.  From 
one  room  in  a  private  house  in  this  vicinity  the 
first  post-office  distributed  mail  to  the  city.  At 
the  right,  in  Madison  Street,  near  Pearl  Street, 
the  first  public  school  opened  in  I8O0,  with  forty 
pupils,  De  Witt  Clinton  and  the  Society  of 
Friends  having  been  instrumental  in  projecting  a 
work  which  is  now  expanded  until  it  comprises 
over  three  hundred  schools  and  a  free  college, 
under  a  municipal  Board  of  Education.  There  are 
four  evening  high  schools,  fifteen  evening  schools 
for  males  and  eleven  for  females.  At  the  northwest- 
ern corner  of  Park  Row  and  Baxter  Street  the 
famous  Tea-waterpump  wassituated  a  remark- 
able spring  from  which  fourteen  thousand  and 
three  hundred  gallons  of  pure  water  were  daily 
drawn  and  sold  about  town  for  one  penny  a 
gallon.  Refer  to  your  several  maps,  and  note 
how  you  reach  Chatham  Square.    The  route  of 


76 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


each  day  is  distinctly  marked  out,  the  line  of 
travel  for  each  day  being  indicated  by  heavy, 
light,  or  dotted  lines,  as  you  will  discover  by 
turning  to  the  different  sections. 

Chatham  Square,  which  is  but  two  blocks 
from  Baxter  Street,  was  formerly  the  burial- 
ground  of  the  Jews.  Just  beyond  were  the 
British  intrenchments,  in  which  dead  bodies  of 
American  prisoners  were  indiscriminately  thrown 
without  rights  of  sepulture. 

The  Five  Points. — At  the  west,  Worth  Street 
leads  by  Mulberry  and  Baxter  streets,  where  are 
teeming  masses  of  the  lowest  grades  of  human- 
ity. Baxter  Street  was  once  the  Mecca  for 
cheap  clothes.  Friday  is  the  great  bargain  day 
for  these  small  shops,  and  certainly  it  will  pay  one 
to  walk  through  and  get  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the 
"  East  Side."  The  junction  which  is  formed  by 
Baxter  with  other  streets  is  called  "The  Five 
Points" — a  locality  long  celebrated  for  the 
criminal  character  of  its  population,  but  now 
reclaimed,  through  the  efforts  of  devoted  mis- 
sionaries, until  its  dangerous  elements  have 
nearly  disappeared.  Italians,  Chinese,  beggars, 
boot-blacks,  opium  peddlers,  etc.,  live  in  the 
vicinity  now,  but  criminals  are  rare.  An  old 
brewery,  which  once  sheltered  the  vefy  worst 


( }RE< VVEli  NEW  YORK. 


77 


characters  and  was  associated  with  the  most  ap- 
palling crimes,  is  no  more,  and  the  low  dens 
that  arc  still  to  be  found  in  the  narrow  streets 
m  ar  by  will  be  rapidly  obliterated  by  the  busi- 
ness houses  that  arc  continually  encroaching. 
A  visit  to  at  least  one  of  the  missions  should  not 
be  omitted. 

The  Five  Points  "  Bouse  of  Industry," 
founded  in  1850.  has  since  that  time  received 
over  thirty  thousand  inmates  and  furnished  in- 
struction to  fifty  thousand  children.  Gamins 
from  the  neighborhood,  as  well  as  those  children 
who  reside  in  the  building-,  are  carefully  trained 
in  common-school  branches,  special  attention  be- 
ing given  to  the  study  of  the  physiological  effects 
of  alcohol.  A  daily  bath  also  exercises  its  salu- 
tary influence  upon  the  pupils.  A  children's 
song-service,  composed  of  classical  selections 
astonishingly  well  rendered — and  demonstrat- 
ing the  practicability  of  utilizing  the  best  music 
as  a  means  of  refining  the  ignorant — is  held 
Sunday  afternoons  at  3:30  o'clock,  after  which 
visitors  are  permitted  to  inspect  the  building. 
The  officers  of  the  institution,  who  keep  them- 
selves informed  concerning  the  welfare  of  the 
children  that  have  been  under  their  care,  assert 
that  so  far  only  two  have  been  known  to  lead 


(1  HEATER  NEW  YORK. 


79 


criminal  lives.  Women  also  are  sheltered  here, 
and  employment  is  found  for  them. 

"  The  Five  Points  Mission  "  is  opposite,  and 
in  the  small  space  between  is  a  hand-stand, 
where  open-air  evening  concerts  are  given  to 
audiences  composed  of  tramps  of  both  sexes, 
whose  faces  expose  their  hardened  characters, 
making  the  name  of  the  place,  "  Paradise  Park," 
an  awful  misnomer. 

The  Tombs.  —  In  Centre  Street,  one  block 
toward  the  west,  stands  an  imposing  granite 
pile,  ominously  called  'k  The  Tombs,'1  and  used 
as  the  city  prison.  This  edifice,  which  covers 
an  entire  block,  was  erected  in  1838  on  ground 
made  by  filling  Collect  Pond.  Although  the 
foundations  of  the  building  were  laid  much 
deeper  than  usual,  the  walls  settled,  and  ap- 
peared to  be  in  peril,  but  as  they  have  stood 
for  over  half  a  century,  they  are  now  considered 
sale.  The  site  chosen  was  unfortunate,  because 
the  hollow  ground  does  not  show  to  advantage 
the  really  fine  building.  It  is  said  to  be  the 
purest  specimen  of  Egyptian  architecture  out  of 
Egypt.  The  necessarily  damp  and  unwhole- 
some condition  of  the  soil  renders  the  place  a 
very  poor  one  for  the  confinement  of  human 
beings.    To  further  add  to  the  pestilential  con- 


80 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


dition  of  this  swamp-land,  some  tanners,  who 
previously  occupied  the  locality,  left  their  vats 
open  when  they  removed  their  tanneries,  and 
for  a  long  time  these  plague-spots  remained. 

The  portico  is  supported  by  massive  and  som- 
bre pillars.    The  Police  Court  may  be  visited 


without  permits  from  9.30  o'clock  until  4.  The 
prison  entrance  is  ugl  Franklin  Street.  Here 
criminals  wait  to  be  tried,  and  convicts  were 
executed.  Permits  are  required,  in  order  to 
visit  the  dark  and  gloomy  cells,  between  the 
hours  of  11  o'clock  and  2.    These  may  be  se- 


mtKATKll  SKW  YOiiK. 


81 


cured  from  the  Commissioners  of  Public  Char- 
ities, at  their  bureau,  corner  of  Third  Avenue 
jiikI  Eleventh  Street. 

The  new  building"  for  the.  accommodation  of 
the  criminal  courts  is  at  the  north  of  the  prison. 

Mott  Street. — Returning  to  Chatham  Square 
by  Worth  Street,  a  few  moments  should  be 
devoted  to  Mott  Street,  which  swarms  with 
representatives  of  the  Chinese  nation,  usually 
very  well-behaved  persons.  The  Joss  houses 
are  easily  discoverable,  because  of  their  oriental 
decorations,  but  they  are  not  open  to  the  pub- 
lic. The  .exclusively  foreign  aspect  of  the 
place  inspires  one  with  the  feeling  of  the  child 
who,  when  taken  to  visit  the  panorama  of  Get- 
tysburg, asked,  "  Why,  where  is  New  York?" 

The  Bowery. — Prom  Chatham  Square  the  up- 
town train  on  the  elevated  road  passes  through 
a  street  which  hears  a  unique  reputation.  "The 
Bowery,"  from  beginning  to  end,  is  a  queer 
conglomeration  of  cheap  stores,  concert-saloons, 
variety  theatres,  and  dime  museums,  while  vend- 
ers of  all  sorts  of  small  wares  impede  the  side- 
walks. The  character  of"  this  locality  has  also 
changed  with  time.    The  "Bowery  Hoy,"  who 

terrorized  the  police,  and  made  his  face  good  for 
an  entrance-fee  to  the  theatre,  has  disappeared  i 


82 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


and  even  the  "young  fellow"  of  the  period 
finds  his  paste  diamonds  too  little  appreciated 
by  the  Germans,  who  are  rapidly  taking  posses- 
sion of  his  old  "  stamping-ground."  The  name 
of  this  street  was  derived  from  the  fact  that  it 
was  originally  a  lane  passing  by  Dutch  farms, 
or  "  booweries."  It  would  be  a  good  plan  to 
board  one  of  the  cars  that  will  take  you  up  the 
Bowery. 

The  Old  Bowery  Theatre  (now  called  The 
Thalia),  replete  with  traditions  of  the  Ameri- 
can stage,  still  stands  below  Canal  Street,  just 
a  little  above  Chatham  Square.  Malibran, 
Hackett,  Forrest,  the  elder  Booth,  Charlotte 
Cushman,  and  many  other  great  stars,  have 
made  this  place  luminous  with  their  presence. 
Since  their  day  the  rougher  class  has  made  it  a 
home  for  heterogeneous  melodrama. 

Three  savings  banks  in  this  street  have  greatly 
aided  to  promote  frugal  habits  among  residents 
of  the  vicinity.  A  branch  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  is  also  located  here.  The 
shopping  centre  for  country  people,  and  the 
smaller  trades-people,  is  east,  in  Grand  Street, 
two  blocks  further  north,  where  goods  are 
much  cheaper  than  in  the  fashionable  quarter. 
A  totally  different  aspect  characterizes  this  lo- 


(UiKATKH   \i:\Y  YOHK. 


8:1 


cality  from  that  which  appears  about  the  up- 
town stores,  [f  you  have  been  riding  in  a  sur- 
face-car uj)  the  Bowery,  it  will  be  advisable  to 
again  become  a  pedestrian  at  East  Third  Street, 
in  order  to  visit  the  libraries. 

Lafayette  Place,  which  extends  at  right  an- 
gles with  East  Third,  or  Great  Jones  Street, 
one  block  west  of  the  Bowery,  is  a  quarter  in 
which  the  antiquated  style  of  the  old  residences 
o-ives  them  an  air  of  great  respectability.  It  is 
now  mostly  appropriated  by  publishing  houses, 
religious  newspapers,  and  restaurants. 

The  Astor  Library  Building,  at  theeastside 
of  the  street,  covering  the  site  of  the  old  Vaux- 
hall  Garden,  is  of  brown-stone  and  brick,  Ro- 
manesque in  design,  and  in  pattern  similar  to 
the  royal  palaces  of  Florence.  This  building 
was  erected  in  1853 — according  to  the  will  of 
John  Jacob  Astoi — who  left  four  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  for  this  purpose;  and  appointed  the 
most  able  scholars,  with  Washington  Irving  as 
their  president,  to  act  as  trustees.  There  are 
nearly  four  hundred  thousand  hooks  on  the 
shelves,  mainly  hooks  of  reference,  and  the  fact 
that  annually  there  are  about  sixty  thousand 
persons  who  seek  exact  knowledge  in  this  classic 
library,  demonstrates  the  intelligence  of  the  age, 


GREATER  NEW  YORK, 


85 


There  is  still  capacity  for  about  two  hundred 
thousand  volumes.  In  the  collection  are  records 
of  the  effective  work  of  the  United  States  Sani- 
tary Commission  during  the  war,  rare  Greek 
and  Latin  manuscripts,  an  illuminated  manu- 
script volume  of  chants  used  at  the  coronation 
of  French  kings,  and  some  black-letter  tonics 
that  include  a  copy  of  the  first  printed  Bible, 
and  a  fair  amount  of  Shakesperiana.  These 
will  he  shown  on  application.  The  library  is 
open  from  \)  o'clock  to  6,  and  is  accessible 
to  any  person  by  simply  registering  name  and 
address.  Since  the  original  endowment,  Wil- 
liam B.  Astor  has  contributed  five  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  John  Jacob  Astor 
the  grandson  of  the  founder  -three  hundred 
thousand  dollars. 

The  Astor  Library,  in  connection  with  the 
Lenox  Library  and  the  Tilden  Trust,  has  been 
consolidated  into  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
with  an  animal  income  of  over  $160,000.  The 
Astor  and  Lenox  Libraries,  occupying  some- 
what the  same  held.  were,  to  a  certain  extent, 
duplicating  their  work.  On  M a y  23,  L895,  a 
formal  agreement  was  executed,  pursuant  to 
the  enabling  acts,  whereby  a  consolidated  cor- 
poration was  formed  under  the  name  of  the  New 


86 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


York  Public  Library — Astor,  Lenox  and  Til- 
den  Foundations.  The  American  Bible  Society 
now  deposits  its  collection  of  Bibles  and  Bible 
manuscripts  with  this  corporation.  This  is  an 
acquisition  of  peculiar  importance,  because  of 
the  fact  that  the  Lenox  collection  of  Bibles  was 
already  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  the 
addition  of  books  and  manuscripts  belonging 
to  the  Bible  Society  will  serve  to  bring  it  up 
to  a  still  higher  degree  of  perfection.  (See 
Lenox  Library.) 

On  its  departure  for  Washington,  in  1861, 
the  Seventh  Regiment  National  Guard  formed 
in  line  along  this  street,  in  front  of  the  Library, 
amid  great  excitement  and  a  profuse  display  of 
banners  and  bunting.  This  corps  was  composed 
of  the  youth  and  flower  of  the  city. 

The  Mercantile  Library.  —  Astor  Place, 
which  diagonally  crosses  Lafayette  Place  at  the 
north,  is  a  quarter  mostly  occupied  by  publish- 
ing houses.  A  new  Clinton  Hall  stands  at  the 
triangle  formed  by  the  junction  of  Astor  Place 
and  Eighth  Street,  the  old  one  which  stood  on 
the  same  site  was  recently  pulled  down  because 
it  was  too  small  to  accommodate  the  Mercantile 
Library,  for  which  it  had  long  been  a  home. 
This  library,  founded  in  1821  for  merchants' 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


87 


clerks,  occupied  a  hall  (called  Clinton  Ball  be- 
cause De  Witt  Clinton  presented  the  first  hook) 
at  the  corner  of  Beekman  and  Nassau  streets. 
Columbia  College  granted  two  free  scholarships 
to  the  organization,  and  members  secured  many 
privileges  in  the  way  of  lecture  courses  and 
(dass  instruction.  Nothing  is  more  interesting 
than  a  history  of  the  institutions  founded  in  this 
city  during  the  first  half-century  of  our  Repub- 
lic, at  which  time  the  energy  and  insight  of  a 
few  public-spirited  men — among  whom  none 
were  more  conspicuous  than  De  Witt  Clinton— 
laid  the  foundation  for  broad  and  far-reaching 
educational  systems  that  are  proving  ofincalcu- 
lable  benefit  to  the  whole  nation.  The  library 
was  moved  to  its  present  site  in  1854.  Two 
hundred  thousand  volumes,  besides  newspapers 
and  periodicals,  occupy  its  shelves,  and  new 
books  are  constantly  being  purchased.  Branch 
libraries  ;ire  at  No.  W'l  Liberty  Street,  and  at 
NO.  DM  Fifth  Avenue.  The  charges  for  yearly 
membership  are  four  dollars  for  clerks  and  five 
dollars  for  other  persons. 

The  Clinton  Hall,  which  has  been  recently 
demolished,  was  originally  the  A.stor  Place 
Opera  House,  where,  in  1849,  the  Forrest-Mac- 
ready  riot  occurred  —  an   outbreak    which  was 


88 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


occasioned  by  the  unpopularity  of  Macready, 
who  was  supposed  to  have  prejudiced  English 
opinion  against  Forrest,  the  American  favorite. 

A  bronze. statue  of  Samuel  S.  Cox  stands  in 
the  triangular  space  east  of  Clinton  Hall.  It 
was  executed  by  Miss  Louise  Lawson,  and  erect- 
ed by  the  letter-carriers  of  the  United  States  in 
1891. 

Cross  over  to  Broadway  and  Eleventh  Street  to 
the  St.  Denis  Hotel,  where  a  delightful  luncheon 
may  be  obtained  at  moderate  prices.  At  2 
o'clock  you  are  due  at  Cooper  Union,  a  few 
blocks  away,  at  the  junction  of  Third  and  Fourth 
avenues,  Seventh  Street  and  the  Bowery. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


SECOND  AJFTERNOON. 

Cooper  Union.— The  massive  brown-stone 
building  at  the  right,  the  old  portion  of  which 
is  classic,  and  the  additions  of  which  arc  Gothic 
in  design,  is  a  monument  of  far-sighted  philan- 
thropy, built  in  L857  by  the  late  Peter  Cooper, 
at  a  cost  of  six  hundred  and  thirty  thousand 
dollars,  and  endowed  by  him  with  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars  for  the  support  of  the  library, 
tree  reading-room,  and  schools  of  art  and  science. 
The  library,  which  is  open  between  the  hours  of 
8  o'clock  a.m.  and  10  o'clock  p.m.  on  week-days, 
and  on  Sundays,  from  October  to  May.  from  12 
o'clock  to  9  o'clock,  contains  a  complete  set  of 
Patent-Office  reports,  about  twenty  thousand 
books,  and  the  periodicals  and  newspapers  of 
the  day.  An  average  of  seventeen  hundred 
persons  daily  patronize  the  reading-room,  and 
the  animal  attendance  at  the  evening  schools  is 

thirty-five  hundred.  Free  popular  lectures  are 
given  Saturday  evenings.    A  special  art  school 

89 


GREATER  \E\Y  YORK. 


91 


is  provided  for  women,  during  the  day,  as  well 
as  chisscs  in  telegraphy,  phonography  and  type- 
writing. The  large  hall  of  this  establishment, 
which  is  used  for  mass-meetings,  has  been  iden- 
tified with  almost  every  public  movement  since 
the  erection  of  the  building.  Its  walls  have 
echoed  to  the  clarion  voices  of  ( rarrison,  Beecher, 
Phillips,  Sumner,  Anna  Dickinson,  Lucretia 
Mott.  and  Abraham  Lincoln— on  the  occasion 
of  his  presidential  campaign  against  Douglas, 
the     Little  Giant  of  Illinois."' 

Tin-:  Bible  Bouse,  just  north  of  Cooper  Union, 
contains  the  offices  of  the  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety, an  organization  whose  presses  have  printed 
the  Bible  in  eighty  languages. 

The  Sixty-ninth  Regiment  Armort  is  over 
Tompkins  Market,  east  of  Cooper  Union.  The 
mention  of  this  regriment  still  recalls  to  many 
minds  one  of  the  most  harrowing  sights  of  the 
Civil  War,  when,  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
only  three  hundred  members  returned  from  that 
wholesale  massacre,  'fhe  distress  of  the  women 
who  discovered  that  their  loved  ones  were  miss- 
Lng,  is  spoken  of  as  a  scene  affecting  in  the  ex- 
treme. 

Tompkins  Square.— From  this  point  St.  Mark's 

Place,  or  Last  Eighth  Street,  leads  to  a  pretty 


92 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


park  which  invites  occupants  of  the  tenement 
houses  nearby,  to  enjoy  the  fresh  air.  Whatever 
may  be  the  short  comings  of  our  municipal  gov- 
ernment, no  complaint  can  be  made  with  regard 
to  the  floral  display,  for  beautiful  little  patches 
of  color,  arranged  with  really  artistic  skill, 
adorn  the  public  grounds  in  all  parts  of  the  city. 
In  the  park  just  mentioned,  a  fine  fountain  and 
ample  pond  sustain  such  rare  water-exotics  as 
the  lotus  of  Egypt  and  India,  the  Egyptian 
papyrus,  South  American  pond-lilies,  and  many 
other  varieties  of  water  plants,  all  of  which  are 
catalogued  on  a  sign-board.  A  band-stand, 
confectionary  -  booths,  and  plenty  of  benches, 
further  indicate  the  comfort  given  to  the  tired 
working  people  on  summer  evenings. 

The  Wilson  Industrial  School  for  Girls, 
which  faces  the  Park  at  the  Eighth  Street  corner, 
is  nn  institution  in  which  the  Kitchen  Garden 
System  (little  girls  cooking  and  arranging  tables 
to  a  song  accompaniment)  is  in  practical  opera- 
tion. Miss  Emily  Huntington  is  the  founder  of 
the  system. 

St.  Mark's  Church. — Erom  Cooper  Union, 
Stuyvesant  Street  leads  the  traveller  past  a 
quaint  church  edifice  which  was  erected  in  1793 
by  Trinity  Corporation,  the  ground  and  four 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


93 


thousand  dollars  in  money  having  been  a  gift 
from  a  great-grandson  of  Peter  Stuyvesant.  The 
remains  of  the  Dutch  governor  are  interred  in  a 
vault  within  the  church.  The  original  tablet  on 
the  outside  of  the  eastern  wall  indicates  his  place 
of  sepulture. 

A  graveyard  surrounds  St.  Mark's,  in  which 
only  Hat  stones  indicate  the  resting-places  of  the 
dead.  From  this  spot  the  remains  of  A.  T. 
Stewart  were  stolen. 

Second  Avenue. — The  broad  thoroughfare 
which  cuts  off  Stuyvesant  Street  at  this  point  is 
a  portion  of  Second  Avenue  that  was  another 
fashionable  quarter  of  the  olden  time,  hut  is  now 
largely  occupied  by  medical  and  benevolent  in- 
stitutions. 

The  New  York  Historical  Society  Building, 
at  the  southeastern  corner  of  Eleventh  Street 
and  Second  Avenue,  is  the  receptacle  .of  a  large 
and  valuable  collection  of  historical  curiosities. 
This  society  was  organized  in  1804  1>\  promi- 
nent citizens  "  For  the  collecting  and  preserv- 
ing of  whatever  might  relate  to  the  natural, 
civil  and  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  I  nited 
States  in  general,  and  the  great  and  sovereign 
State  of  New  York  in  particular.''  Material  w  ith 
which  to  form  a  14  Museum  <>f  American  Antiq- 


94 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


uities  "  was  so  rapidly  secured  as  to  necessitate 
several  removals,  until  the  present  building  was 
erected  with  accommodations  so  spacious  that 
the  society  enlarged  the  scope  of  its  work,  and 
purchased  valuable  collections  of  foreign  art, 
literature  and  antiquity.  These  are  now  so  nu- 
merous as  to  render  the  present  building  inade- 
quate for  their  accommodation,  and  it  is  dis- 
creditable to  the  city  that  so  many  old  treasures 
should  be  hidden  from  the  public  for  want  of 
space,  of  cases  to  protect,  custodians  to  exhibit, 
or  catalogues  to  assist  the  investigator.  The 
museum  contains  a  large  collection  of  rare 
pamphlets  and  manuscripts  relating  to  Ameri- 
can history,  newspapers,  maps,  autograph  let- 
ters, coins,  medals,  a  library  of  over  two  thou- 
sand volumes,  the  original  portraits  of  fourteen 
Inca  monarchs,  with  their  names  and  the  order 
of  their  succession,  and  some  portraits  of  cele- 
brated Indian  chiefs.  The  original  water-color 
pictures  made  by  Audubon  for  his  work  on  nat- 
ural history  are  here  ;  also  the  efforts  of  the 
early  American  artists,  West,  Allston,  Stuart, 
Peale,  Jarvis,  Cole  and  others  ;  and  some  speci- 
mens from  the  old  masters,  Raphael,  Van  Dyke, 
Titian,  Rembrandt,  Del  Sarto,  Paul  Veronese, 
and  Murillo.    The  Egyptian  collection  contains 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


95 


51  fac-simile  of  the  Rosetta  Stone,  mummies  of 
the  sacred  hulls,  with  portions  of  the  chariot  and 
rope-harness  found  buried  with  them  in  the 
tombs  at  Dashour  ;  vases,  agricultural  and  sacri- 
ficial implements,  and  a  great  number  of  other 
equally  interesting  relies  from  that  ancient  civile 
ization.  There  are,  besides,  some  specimens  of 
the  sculpture  of  ancient  Nineveh,  as  well  as  sev- 
eral pieces  of  modern  times. 

The  society  includes  over  two  thousand  mem- 
bers, through  whose  courtesy  alone  admittance 
to  the  building  is  obtained.  The  site  for  a  new 
building  consists  of  ten  city  lots  at  Seventy- 
seventh  Street  and  Central  Park  West.  The 
land  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $280,500,  and 
the  new  building  will  probably  eost  $1,000,000 
more. 

Stuyvesant  Square,  through  which  Second 
Avenue  passes  on  its  way  northward,  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  of  our  city  parks,  the  land 
for  which  was  deeded  to  the  "  Mayor,  Alder- 
men and  Commonalty  of  the  City  of  New  York  " 
(this  was  our  legal  title)  by  Peter  G.  Stuyvesant  in 
L836.  The  donor  intended  that  the  park  should 
be  called  Holland  Square,  but  its  title  was 
changed  by  request  of  the  recipients.  As.  ac- 
cording to  the  terms  of  the  deed,  business  houses 


96 


Glt&ATER  NEW  YORK. 


are  not  permitted  to  encroach  upon  this  locality, 
it  still  remains  a  desirable  down-town  place  of 
residence.  These  grounds  once  formed  the 
northern  portion  of  the  Stuyvesant  farm,  which 
extended  southward  to  Third  Street,  and  from 
Third  Avenue  eastward  to  the  river.  On  a  spot 
within  this  farm,  now  identified  by  a  plate  at 
the  corner  of  Thirteenth  Street  and  Third 
Avenue,  there  flourished,  for  nearly  two  hundred 
years,  a  pear  tree  which  was  brought  from  Hol- 
land by  the  original  Peter  Stuyvesant,  and 
planted  by  him  to  preserve  the  memory  of  his 
name. 

The  Friends'  Meeting-House  and  Seminary 
are  at  the  west  of  Stuyvesant  Square.  The 
Quakers,  who  suffered  much  persecution  at  the 
hands  of  Dutch  governors,  as  well  as  from  Puri- 
tan authorities,  could  not  firmly  establish  them- 
selves in  this  city  until  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  when  they  erected  their  first 
meeting-house  near  Maiden  Lane.  Since  that 
time  they  have  successively  put  up  a  number  of 
buildings,  but  at  present  those  just  referred  to, 
belonging  to  the  Hicksite  branch,  and  one  other, 
belonging  to  the  orthodox  sect,  are  the  only 
meeting-houses  that  remain  standing.  Through 
all  the  vicissitudes  of  the  city's  growth,  the 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Quaker  element  has  ever  been  bold,  peaceful,  pru- 
dent and  practical,  and  our  present  prosperity 
owes  much  to  their  discreet  activity. 

Saint  George's  Church  (Episcopalian),  at  the 
Sixteenth  Street  corner,  is  in  its  architectural 
style  a  transition  from  the  Romanesque  to  the 
Gothic.  This  church  was  originally  one  of  three 
chapels  belonging  to  Trinity  Corporation,  but  it 
became  a  distinct  charge  in  1S1  1.  It  first  edi- 
fice was  erected  in  L752,  on  ground  near  Beek- 
man  Street,  called  14  Chapel  Hill."  The  present 
structure  was  built  in  1X11).  For  many  years 
this  parish  was  presided  over  by  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Stephen  II.  Tyng,  whose  remarkable  insight 
and  energy  organized  a  work  which  is  now  ably 
continued  and  enlarged  l>v  the  present  rector, 
Dr.  W.  S.  Rainsford.  The  building  at  the  rear 
is  a  sort  of  church  club-house,  where  member^ 
have  the  advantages  of  reception  and  class  rooms 
and  a  fine  gymnasium.  St.  George's  parish 
building  was  erected  as  a  memorial  of  the  mother 
and  father-in-law  of  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  and  it 
adjoins  the  church. 

Sixteenth  Street  extends  westward  from  Saint 
George'sto  Irving  Place,  and  Irving  Place  leads 
southward  to  East  Fourteenth  Street. 

A  picturesque  little  theatre,  called  the  [rving 


98 


ORE  AT  EE  NEW  YORK. 


Place  Theatre,  formerly  Irving  Hall,  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Irving  Place  and  Fifteenth  Street,  is  ap- 
propriated to  German  plays. 

The  Academy  of  Music,  at  the  Fourteenth 
Street  corner,  was  built  in  1854  and  rebuilt  in 
1866.  Although  the  exterior  of  this  building:  is 
very  plain,  the  interior  is  renowned  for  its  per- 
fect appointments.  Italian  opera  long  found  a 
home  here,  during  which  time  its  walls  echoed 
to  the  world's  perfect  voices.  Great  dramatic 
stars,  among  them  Rachel,  Ristori,  Booth,  Sal- 
vini  and  Janauschek,  have  also  appeared  upon 
its  stage.  Until  the  erection  of  the  Metropoli- 
tan Opera  House,  the  Academy  was  the  popular 
place  for  balls  and  public  meetings,  but  it  is 
now  entirely  used  for  dramatic  presentations. 

Tammany  Hall,  which  is  situated  east  of  the 
Academy  in  Fourteenth  Street,  is  headquarters 
for  the  Tammany  Society,  or  Columbian  Order 

an  organization  founded  in  1789  for  the  pur- 
pose of  perpetuating  a  true  love  of  country.  At 
first  a  national  society,  based  upon  general  prin- 
ciples of  patriotism  and  benevolence,  it  became 
partisan  when  the  administration  proclaimed 
neutrality  during  the  French  Revolution,  though 
the  Tammany  Hall  Political  Organization  is  to 
this  day  maintained  as  separate  from  the  Colum- 


<;ui<:.\ri-:u  new  y<>kk. 


bian  Order,  presided  over  by  the  Grand  Sachem, 
which  owns  the  building".  It  was  this  order 
which  inaugurated  the  perpetual  commemora- 
tion of  Washington's  birthday.  The  first  Tam- 
many Hall,  or  Wigwam,"  stood  on  the  site  now 
occupied  l>v  the  Sun  Building.  The  present 
structure  was  built  in  L867. 

St  kin  way  Hall,  once  made  classical  by  the 
best  concert  music,  but  now  converted  into 
piano  warerooms,  was  in  the  Steinway  Build- 
ing, at  the  west  of  the  Academy,  in  Fourteenth 
Street. 

Union  Sqlaiie. — A  few  steps  westward  and 
an  open  park  is  reached,  which  affords  a  breath- 
ing space  to  the  public  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
city.  Business  has  so  engrossed  this  locality 
that  but  few  of  the  old  residences  remain.  A 
flag-Stone  in  the  sidewalk  at  the  east  side,  upon 
the  surface  of  which  is  cut,  "  Union  Square, 
founded  in  1832,"  locates  the  former  home  of 
the  person  who  was  most  active  in  securing  the 
early  improvements  for  this  place.  Mr.  Samuel 
Ruggles. 

The  College  of  Social  Economics,  which  oc- 
cupies the  southeastern  corner  of  Sixteenth 
Street  and  Union  Square,  represents  a  new  de- 
parture in  educational  lines,  its  object  being  to 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


I'M 


found  a  School  of  Economics  thai  shall  be  dis- 
tinctly American. 

A  business  college  forms  a  pari  of*  the  insti- 
tution, and  free  lectures  on  themes  of  popular 
interest  are  delivered  Wednesday  evening's. 

The  Bronze  Equestrian  Statue  op  Washing- 
ton, of  heroic  size,  which  stands  near  Fourteenth 
Street,  was  the  first  public  work  of  art  ever  set 
up  out-of-doors  in  this  city.  Et  was  erected  in 
L856  by  enterprising  merchants.  II.  K.  Brown 
was  the  sculptor. 

The  Great  War  Meeting  of  1861,  called  in 
response  to  Lincoln's  appeal  for  troops  "  to  sus- 
tain the  Federal  Government  in  the  present 
crisis.'1  was  held  under  this  fac-simile  of  the  be- 
niffn  face  of  our  first  President. 

The  park  contains  about  three  and  one-half 
acres  of  ground  that  are  kept  in  excellent  order. 
The  fountain  pond  is  filled  with  exotics  similar 
to  those  already  observed  in  other  parks,  and 
bordered  with  brilliant  foliage  plants.  From  the 
balcony  of  the  cottage  north  of  the  fountain,  offi- 
cials review  the  parades  that  frequently  take 
place  on  the  Seventeenth  Street  Flaza.  banners 
and  a  row  of  gas-jets  making  the  place  brillianl 
on  special  occasions.  A  drinking  fountain  stands 
at  the  western  edge.    The  bronze  statue  of  Lin- 


102 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


coin,  erected  by  popular  subscription  shortly 
after  his  assassination,  and  modeled  by  H.  K. 
Brown,  is  at  the  southwestern  corner.  A  statue 
of  Lafayette,  facing  toward  the  south,  was 
modeled  by  Bartholdi,  and  erected  in  1876  by 
French  residents,  in  token  of  gratitude  for 
American  sympathy  during  the  Franco-Prussian 
war. 

Union  Square  Theatre  faces  the  park  at  the 
Fourteenth  Street  side.  The  pavement  in  front 
of  this  theatre  is  popularly  known  as  the  ' '  Slave 
Market  "  and  "  Rial  to,"  from  the  fact  that  actors 
make  this  their  lounging  place  while  waiting  for 
engagements. 

West  Fourteenth  Street,  which  may  well 
be  called  "  Vanity  Fair,"  is  the  great  shopping 
centre  of  New  York,  as  the  perpetual  crowd,  the 
bargain  announcements  in  the  shop  windows, 
and  the  street  venders  of  every  description  of 
goods,  from  choice  roses  to  stove-blacking,  will 
testify. 

As  one  passes  through  this  street  west  to  Sixth 
Avenue,  there  will  be  found  the  Butterick  Pub- 
lishing Company,  fashion  publishers,  manufac- 
turers of  the  Butterick  patterns,  so  widely  known 
throughout  the  United  States  ;  the  large  dry- 
goods  houses  of  Arthur  H.  Hearn,  R.  H.  Macy  & 


GKKA  TEli  SEW  YORK. 


L08 


Co.,  and  the  millinery  establishment  of  Roths- 
child. On  Fourteenth  Street  between  Fifth  and 
Sixth  avenues  istheold  Van  Buren Mansion  and 
the  celebrated  tree  in  front  of  it.  Passing  up 
Sixth  Avenue  from  Fourteenth  Street  will  he 
found  some  of  the  largest  retail  dry-goods  stores 
in  the  city — B.  Altman  &  ( Jo.,  SiegeK  Jooper  Co., 
Simpson.  Crawford  A:  Simpson,  O'Neill  and 
Ehrich  Brothers. 

Tut:  Salvation  Akmv  Eeadquarters  are  in 
Fourteenth  Street,  west  of  Sixth  Avenue. 

ThbNbw  York  Hospital,  which  now  occupies 
a  building  in  Fifteenth  Street,  between  Fifth  and 
Sixth  avenues,  was  chartered  by  George  III. 
in  1771.  and  was  the  second  organization  of  its 
kind  in  this  city.  The  original  structure,  in 
Duane  Street,  was  destroyed  by  tire  before 
patients  could  he  admitted,  and  having  been  re- 
built, was  occupied  by  American  and  British 
soldiers  until  the  (dose  of  the  war  :  so  that  it  was 
1701  before  the  real  work  of  the  institution  could 
begin.  Since  that  time,  however,  the  hospital 
has  been  almost  unrivaled  as  a  School  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery  The  present  building, which 
is  modern  French  Renaissance  in  design,  was 
opened  in  1 SS7  with  perfect  appointments,  the 
upper  story  having  been  converted  into  a  glass- 


L04 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


roofed  hall  where  patients  may  have  the  advan- 
tage of  a  sun-bath.  The  first  hospital  on  the 
Island,  established  by  the  Dutch  near  the  old 
fort,  was  demolished  by  the  British. 

The  Young  Women's  Christian  Association 
Building,  in  Fifteenth  Street  between  Fifth  Ave- 
nue and  Union  Square,  was  founded  in  1870  for 
the  purpose  of  assisting  young  women  who  are 
dependent  on  their  own  exertions.  Classes  are 
instructed  in  sewing,  book-keeping,  etc. ;  and  an 
employment  bureau  assists  women  to  find  posi- 
tions. The  system  also  includes  a  circulating 
library  and  reading-room,  supplied  with  current 
periodicals  ;  a  gymnasium,  a  board  directory,  an 
exchange  for  women's  work,  concerts,  lectures, 
and  Sunday  Bible  instruction.  An  addition,  called 
the  Margaret  Louisa  Home,  which  accommodates 
working  women  with  lodging  and  board,  is  in 
Sixteenth  Street.  The  building  was  the  gift  of 
Mis.  E,  P.  Shepard  ;  the  Association  is  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions. 

No.  36  West  Sixteenth  Street  is  the  church  of 
St.  Francis  Xavier.  Patrick  C.  Keely  was  the  ar- 
chitect. Adjoining  this  church  is  the  St.  Francis 
Xavier  College.  It  was  opened  in  1850,  is  in 
charge  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  and  numbers  five 
hundred  students,  coming  from   all  parts  of 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


106 


Greater  New  York.  The  annual  fees  of  the  stu- 
dents support  the  Institution.  The  library  con- 
tains 20,000  volumes.  Women  were  admitted  in 
L893  on  the  same  terms  as  men  —$62  per  annum 
— but  they  cannot,  take  degrees. 

Tiffany's.  —The  great  building  at  thecorner 
of  Fifteenth  Street  and  Union  Square,  is  the  far- 
famed  jewelry  store  of  Tiffany  &  Company,  an 
establishment  which  stands  alone  in  the  world 
because  it  is  so  great  of  its  kind. 

The  square  and  particularly  solid  appearing 
structure  next  to  Tiffany's  is  known  as  the 
Spingler  Building. 

Brentano's,  31  Union  Square,  is  one  of  the 
largestand  most  popular  bookstores  in  \ew  York 
city. 

The  Decker  Building  is  the  beautiful  white 
structure  above  Brentano's.  No.  31  Union 
Square,  north,  which  for  a  time  was  the  tallest 
building  in  the  square,  is  known  as  the  Jackson 
Building. 

[f  the  time  of  the  itinerary  has  been  strictly 
followed,  it  will  now  be  1  o'clock  or  later. 
Of  course,  time  has  not  been  allotted  for  visiting 
the  stores  mentioned  on  Sixth  Avenue  :  but  the 
walk  has  beenlong,and  necessarily  one  will  feel 
the  need  of  refreshments.    Having  partaken  of 


106 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


luncheon  in  some  of  the  most  elaborate  cafes  in 
the  city,  it  will  be  an  interesting  contrast  to  visit 
the  Dairy  Kitchen  or  Columbia,  No.  48  Union 
Square,  south,  where*  a  cup  of  most  delicious  cof- 
fee or  o-lass  of  milk  can  be  obtained  with  the  at- 
traction  of  good  music.  If  one  wishes  a  more 
extensive  meal,  it  can  be  secured  here  as  well. 


CHAPTER  V. 


THE  THIRD  MORNING. 

Nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  third  clay's 
outing  will  find  the  party  that  follows  the 
itinerary  in  Union  Square. 

From  Union  Square  to  Twenty-third  Street, 
Broadway  is  occupied  by  large  retail  dry-goods 
houses,  and  carpet  and  jewelry  establishments, 
as  well  as  by  florists,  caterers,  dealers  in  cera- 
mics, etc. 

Fifth  Avenue,  between  Tenth  and  Twenty- 
third  streets,  and  vicinity,  forms  a  centre  for 
publishing  houses.  In  this  section  will  be  found 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  Macmillan  &Co.,  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  Scribner's, 
linker,  Taylor  &  Co.,  The  Morse  Company,  and 
many  other's.  Many  of  the  large  piano  com- 
panies have  their  warerooms  in  this  section. 
Here  are  also  situated  some  of  the  finest  office 
buildings  in  the  city — the  Constable  Building, 
the  Presbyterian  Building,  and  the  Mohawk. 

"Choosing  the  Bride,"  by  MakofFsky. — This 

108 


GREATER  tfttW  YOUR. 


elaborate  painting,  which  is  a  companion  piece 
to  the  "  Russian  Wedding  Feast,"  is  exhibited 
in  Schumann's  up-town  jewelry  store, at  thecor- 
ner  of  Broadway  and  Twenty-second  Street,  and 
is  well  worth  a  visit. 

The  Residence  Built  for  Samuel  J.  Tilden  is 
in  Gramercy  Park,  two  blocks  east  of  Broad- 
way, at  Xos.  11  iind  15  East  Twentieth  Street. 
The  stone  carvings  on  the  exterior  of  this  edi- 
fice are  of  great  artistic  excellence,  the  entire 
facade  being  enriched  with  divisional  hands  of 
beautifully  sculptured  foliage,  and  bas-relief 
figures  cut  in  sunken  disks,  while  the  delicately 
chiseled  heads  of  Shakespeare,  Milton.  Franklin, 
Qoethe,  and  Dante  appear  on  a  panel  near  the 
eastern  entrance. 

The  Players'  Club-House,  at  No.  16  East 
Twentieth  Street,  is  a  gift  to  actors  from  the 
founder  and  president  of  the  club,  Edwin  Booth. 
The  building  contains  the  libraries  of  Mi*.  Booth 
and  Lawrence  Barrett,  and  also  the  play  hills 
collected  by  Augustin  Daly.  A  general  rende- 
vouz  of  players  takes  place  in  these  apartments 
every  Saturday  night. 

GRAMERCY  Park  is  open  to  residents  in  the 
immediate  neighborhood  only.  Cyrus  W.  Field, 
David  Dudley  Field,  John  Bigelow,  and  other 


110 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


well-known  persons  occupied  houses  in  this  at- 
tractive locality. 

Lexington  Avenue,  which  extends  northward 
from  Grramercy  Park,  contains  the  former 
home  of  Peter  Cooper.  The  residence  of  the 
philanthropist  was  at  No.  9. 

The  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  stands 
at  the  southeastern  corner  of  Lexington  Avenue 
and  Twenty-third  Street.  Each  year  nearly  one 
thousand  young  men  receive  tuition  in  a  classi- 
cal, scientific,  or  mechanical  course.  A  post- 
graduate course  in  engineering  occupies  two 
additional  years.  The  college  contains  a  fine 
library,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  and  ap- 
paratus for  the  use  of  the  scientific  department. 
The  institution  is  maintained  at  an  annual  cost 
to  the  city  of  about  $153,000. 

Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  and 
Training  School  for  Nurses  are  at  the  foot  of 
East  Twenty-sixth  Street.  This  hospital  was 
founded  in  1826,  and  is  under  the  control  of  the 
city  government  ;  but  the  college,  an  indepen- 
dent institution,  was  not  organized  until  18G1. 

Looking  down  Fourth  Avenue  from  Twenty- 
third  Street,  some  important  buildings  can  be 
seen.  There  is  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Children  ;  the  United  Charities  Build- 


GREATER  NEW  FORE 


inff,  corner  of  Twenty-second  Street  and  Fourth 
Avenue  ;  the  Church  Mission  Eouse on  Twenty- 
first  Street. 

Tin*:  National  Axjademy  of  Design. — The 
beautiful  structure  of  artistically  blended  gray 
mid  white  marble  and  blue  stone,  standing  at 


THE  NATIONAL  ACADEMY  OK  DESIGN. 


the  northwestern  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and 
Twenty-third  Street,  is  in  part  a  copy  of  the 
Palace  of  the  Doges  in  Venice,  its  architectural 
design  being  the  Italian  Gothic.  The  srestibuled 
floor  is  of  variegated  marbles,  and  a  massive 
marble  stairway  lends  to  the  galleries  above. 


112 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Here  every  spring  and  autumn,  an  exhibition 
of  new  paintings  takes  place,  and  prizes  are 
awarded.  Other  organizations  sometimes  rent 
these  galleries  for  the  display  of  their  art  work. 
The  American  Water  Color  Society  holds  an 
annual  exhibition  during  the  month  of  January. 
Free  art  schools  and  lecture-rooms,  open  to  both 
sexes  from  October  until  dune  of  every  year, 
occupy  the  first  and  second  floors  of  the  build- 
ing. 

The  inception  of  the  Academy,  now  the  fore- 
most art  institution  in  the  country,  was  due  to 
Professor  S.  ]>.  Morse,  who  was  himself  an  ar- 
tist of  no  mean  ability.  About  the  year  1815 
he  founded  a  society  of  artists  of  which  he  be- 
came president,  and  before  which  lie  delivered 
the  first  course  of  lectures  on  the  fine  arts  ever 
given  in  this  part  of  the  world.  Although  this 
organization  thrived,  its  existence  was  nomadic 
until  1863,  when  the  present  building  was 
erected,  and  dedicated  with  imposing  ceremon- 
ies. 

The  members  of  the  institution  consist  of 
academicians  (X.  A.),  and  associates  (A.  N\  A.), 
who  acquire  either  rank  of  professional  distinc- 
tion by  merit.  The  new  site  for  the  Academy 
consists  of  an  entire  block,  fronting  on  Amster- 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


l  L8 


dam  A.venue,  between  One  Bundred  and  Ninth 
and  One  Eundred  and  Tenth  streets.  The  plol 
contains  sixteen  city  lots,  and  has  a  frontage  in 
Amsterdam  Avenue  of  171.10  feet,  and  in  each 
of  the  streets  of  200  feet.  The  land  was  bought 
from  John  I).  Crimmins,  Simon  Bernheimer and 
the  estate  of  Isaac  Bernheimer  at  $245,000. 
The  Academy  received  $60&,000  from  the  Met- 
ropolitan Life  Insurance  Company  for  its  pres- 
ent site  and  building  at  Twenty-third  Streel 
and  Fourth  Avenue.  Some  of  this  money  has 
already  been  expended  by  the  Academy  for 
various  purposes.  After  the  new  site  is  paid 
for,  the  Academy  will  have  Left  about  $275,000 
as  an  available  building  fund.  The  site  is  op- 
posite that  on  which  the  Cathedral  of  St.  John 
the  Divine  is  to  be  erected,  and  is  near  the  hand- 
some new  buildings  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital  and 
( Columbia  University. 

There  are  now  eighty-eight  members  of  the 
Academy,  100  being  the  limit.  Heretofore, 
academicians  could  be  elected  only  at  the  annual 
meetings  in  March.  A  by-law  recentlv  passed 
allows  their  election  at  quarterly  meetings. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
Building  is  opposite  the  Academy,  si  the  south- 
western corner   of   Twenty-third  Street  and 


114 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Fourth  Avenue.  This  structure,  which  is  French 
Renaissance  in  design,  contains  a  reception  and 
reading-  room  :  a  concert  hall,  seating  four  thou- 
sand, a  lecture-room,  library,  gymnasium,  and 
bowling-alley;  besides  parlors,  class-rooms  and 
baths.  The  building  is  open  every  day  in  the 
year,  including  holidays,  and  many  opportuni- 
ties for  instruction  and  entertainment  are  af- 
forded the  members. 

The  American  Art  Association. — The  beau- 
tiful galleries  of  this  institution,  at  No.  G  Bast 
Twenty-third  Street,  are  usually  occupied  with 
interesting  collections  of  paintings.  The  asso- 
ciation holds  two  exhibitions  yearly,  at  which 
prizes  valued  at  two  thousand  dollars  are 
awarded  for  the  best  paintings,  while  gold 
medals  worth  $100  are  bestowed  for  works 
of  secondary  merit.  On  Twenty-third  Street 
toward  Sixth  Avenue  will  be  found  some 
of  the  large  dry-goods  stores  of  the  city—  Lc 
Boutilliers,  Stern  Brothers  and  McCreery's,  and 
the  publishing  houses  of  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 
and  E.  P.  Dutton.  The  main  railroad  offices, 
messenger  and  telegraph  offices  are  in  this 
vicinity. 

Madison  Square,  which  is  bounded  at  the 
south  and  north  by  Twenty-third  and  Twenty- 


Q HEATER  NEW   )'<)11K.  L15 

sixth  streets,  and  ;it  the  cast  and  west  1>\  Mad- 
ison Avenue  and  the  intersection  of  Broadway 
with  Fifth  Avenue,  contains  aboul  six  acres  oi 
ground,  made  beautiful  with  shade  trees,  flow- 
ers, and  a  fountain. 

Until  the  year  IS  17  this  part  of  the  [sland 
was  rather  unsightly,  and  previous  to  the  time 
of  its  improvement  w;is  occupied  only  by  Cor- 
poral Thompson's  little  yellow  tavern,  and  an 
old  arsenal  which  was  utilized  as  a  house  oi' 
refuge.  At  present  this  park  is  the  centre  of 
a  world  of  fashion  and  amusement.  The  Mad- 
ison Avenue  side  is  occupied  by  the  Metropoli- 
tan Life  tnsurance  Company  Building  -an  ex- 
ampleofthe  Italian  Renaissance  style  the  Madi- 
son Square  Presbyterian  Church,  and  the  build- 
ing which  formerly  belonged  to  the  Jockey 
( Mul)  and  later  to  the  [Jnion  League,  hut  is  now 
the  home  of  the  University  Club.  In  this  or- 
ganization, membership  is  restricted  to  men  w  ho 
have  graduated  from  some  college,  university, 
or  professional  school,  from  the  I  nited  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  or  the  United 
States  Xaval  Academy  at  Annapolis.  The  Rev. 
diaries  II.  Parkhurst  is  the  rector  of  the  Pres- 
byterian  Church.  His  house  is  at  No.  East 
Thirty-fifth  Street. 


1  L6 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Madison  Square  G  ARDEN. — The  most  con- 
spicuous building  in  this  vicinity  is  situated  in 
Madison  Avenue,  between  Twenty-sixth  and 
Twenty-seventh  streets.  Its  ornate  style  at- 
tracts immediate  attention.  The  architectural 
design,  partly  Moorish  and  partly  Spanish  Re- 
naissance, is  novel  to  us.  and  the  arrangement 
of  electric  lights,  fantastically  grouped  about 
the  minaret,  domes  and  tower,  until  they  ter- 
minate in  a  brilliant  crescent  under  the  feet  of 
the  bronze  Diana  at  the  apex,  is  an  exceedingly 
pleasant  vision.  It  suggests  unlimited  delights 
for  summer  evenings  in  the  garden  on  the  roof. 
The  auditorium  has  a  seating  capacity  of  fifteen 
thousand.  Boxes  and  galleries  surround  its 
walls,  and  tables  as  well  as  chairs  are  placed  on 
the  main  floor  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  desire 
refreshment  during  the  performances.  Concerts, 
spectacular  displays,  horse,  bench,  and  flower 
shows,  that  require  spacious  accommodations, 
usually  form  the  attractions  at  this  place.  The 
northern  portion  of  the  building  contains  a  small 
theatre  and  a  beautiful  concert  hall. 

The  old  Madison  Square  Garden,  which  for- 
merly occupied  this  site,  was  known  as  (ril- 
more's  Garden;  earlier,  it  was  Barnum's  Hippo- 
drome, and  lor  many  years  before  that  time  it 


MADISON  SOI  AIJK  (IAI1DK.N. 


118 


G HEATER  NEW  YORK. 


was  a  passenger  station  of  the  Harlem  Railway. 
Madison  Avenue  extends  northward  from  this 
point  to  Harlem. 

The  Monument  to  Admiral  Farragut,  which 
stands  at  the  northwestern  corner  of  Madison 
Square,  is  much  admired.  It  was  erected  by 
the  Farragut  Memorial  Association,  and  the 
statue  was  made  by  Augustus  St.  Graudens. 

The  Worth  Monument,  at  the  intersection  of 
Broadway  and  Fifth  Avenue,  is  the  most  prom- 
inent object  in  Madison  Square.  Jt  is  a  granite 
obelisk,  erected  by  the  corporation  of  the  city 
in  memory  of  Major-General  Worth,  who  first 
achieved  distinction  at  Chippewa,  under  General 
Scott  in  1841,  and  afterward  participated  in  the 
war  with  Florida.  Indians — 1840  to  1842 — and 
in  tin-  Mexican  struggle  of  1840  to  1848.  The 
name  of  Anthony  Street  was  changed  to  Worth 
Street  in  honor  of  this  soldier. 

The  Statue  of  William  II.  Seward,  by  Ran- 
dolph Rogers,  which  is  placed  at  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  park,  represents  that  states- 
man in  a  sitting  posture,  surrounded  by  huge 
tomes.  It  was  unveiled  in  187G.  The  statue  of 
Roscoe  Conkling  is  also  in  this  square. 

The  white  marble  building  at  the  north- 
western corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty- 


120 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


third  Street  is  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  which, 
at  the  time  of  its  completion  in  1859,  caused  the 
residents  of  the  city  to  wonder  how  so  costly  an 
edifice  could  obtain  sufficient  patronage  at  what 
was  then  such  a  remote  locality. 

Delmonico's  is  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue 
and  Twenty-sixth  Street. 


CHAPTEB  VI. 


THE   THIRD  AFTERNOON. 

Twenty-third  Street. — After  Lunch  at  Del- 
monico's,  cross  Madison  Square  to  Broadway. 

West  of  Madison  Square,  Twenty-third  Street 
for  one  or  two  blocks  is  a  modified  reproduction 
of  Fourteenth  Street,  although  it  is  somewhat 
less  democratic  in  character.  Looking  down 
Broadway  from  Twenty-third  Street  can  be  seen 
the  dry-goods  stores  of  Lord  &  Taylor,  on  the 
corner  of  Twentieth,  and  Arnold,  Constable  & 
Co.  on  the  corner  of  Nineteenth  Street  :  directly 
opposite  can  be  seen  the  Goelet  House.  This  is 
an  old-time  building  which  until  the  present  date 
has  withstood  all  offers  of  progress,  but  is  now  for 
sale  and  will  soon  be  torn  down.  Vantine's  is  be- 
low Nineteenth  Street,  and  Euyler's  candy  store 
is  still  further  down. 

The  business  building  at  the  southeastern  cor- 
ner of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue 
w;is  formerly  Edwin  Booth's  elegant  theatre, 
built  and  made  famous  by  Booth  himself'. 

The  Masonic  Temple,  which  is  headquarters 


122 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


for  the  Masonic  order  throughout  the  State,  oc- 
cupies the  northeastern  corner  of  the  same 
thoroughfares.  This  building  was  erected  in  1867. 
For  several  blocks  north  and  south  from  this 
point,  Sixth  Avenue  vies  in  importance  with 
Broadway  as  a  retail  business  street, 

Eden  Musee. — This  attractive  museum  is 
situated  on  the  northern  side  of  Twenty-third 
Street  between  Sixth  Avenue  and  Madison 
Square.  The  exhibition  consists  mainly  of  life- 
like wax  figures  of  noted  persons  grouped  in  his- 
torical tableaux.  Musical  performances  are 
given. 

Madison  Square  Theatre. — This  is  a  beauti- 
ful little  house,  just  west  of  Madison  Square,  in 
Twenty-fourth  Street.  The  decorations  are  ex- 
ceedingly artistic.  The  drop-curtain  is  a  marvel 
of  embroidery,  worked  by  the  skilled  hands  of 
the  Associated  Artists.  A  novel  feature  of  this 
house  is  its  double  stage,  one  part  of  which  can 
he  lifted  and  arranged  while  the  performance  is 
being  conducted  upon  the  other.  The  orchestra 
occupies  a  gallery  above  the  stage. 

The  Hoffman  House,  corner  Twenty-fifth 
Street. — Many  beautiful  examples  of  decorative 
art  are  displayed  in  this  hotel  and  adjoining 
Cafe  where  ladies  visit,  even  without  the  attend- 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


l  2 ;  I 


once  of  gentlemen,  during  ;mv  hour  <>i'  the  day. 
Some  of  the  works  of  art,  worthy  of  attention,  are  : 
"Nymphs  and  Satyr,"  by  William  Bouguereau, 
which  is  considered  l>v  the  eminent  artist  him- 
self to  be  one  of  his  most  important  works  ; 
"Narcissus,"  by  Correggio  ;  "APiece  of  Gobe- 
lin Tapestry,"  made  for  Napoleon  III.,  repre- 
senting the  port  of  Marseilles  ;  and  a  "  Piece  oi 
Flemish  Tapestry,"  taken  from  Constantinople 
during  the  Russo-Turkish  W  ar.  representing  a 
scene  at  the  wedding  feast  of  Queen  Hester. 

Knoedler's  A  rt  Gallery,  (successors  to  Gou- 
pil  &  Co.),  No.  355  Fifth  Avenue,  corner  oi 
Thirty-fourth  Street,  alw  ays  contains  a  choice  as- 
sortment of  paintings.  The  other  standard  gal- 
leries are:  Wiinderlich's,  No.  868  Broadway; 
Schaus's,  No.  204  Fifth  Avenue;  Reichard's,  No. 
226  Fifth  Avenue:  Avery's,  No.  368  Fifth  Ave- 
nue, and KeppeFs,  No.  20  Bast.  Sixteenth  Street. 

North  Broadway. — Several  of  the  most  pop- 
ular theatres  occupy  prominent  positions  on  Broad- 
way north  of  Mad  ison  Square.  Among  them  may 
be  mentioned  Daly's,  Wallaces,  the  Fifth  Av- 
enue, etc.  The  Broadway  Tabernacle,  a  Con- 
gregational church,  stands  at  the  corner  <>| 
Thirty-fourth  Street,  where  Broadway  crosses 
Sixth  Avenue. 


12-4 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


At  the1  intersection  of  Broadway,  Thirty-fifth 
Street  and  Six  Avenue,  is  a  small  triangle  known 
as  Herald  Square.  The  bronze  statue  of  Wil- 
liam E.  Dodge,  which  was  erected  by  the  mer- 
chants of  New  York  in  1885,  stands  in  this 
square.  The  Herald  Building  faces  it  at  the 
north. 


"  HERALD  "  BUILDING, 


Now  hail  a  Broadway  car — be  careful  not  to 
get  into  a  Columbus  Avenue  cai — and  ride  to 
Fifty-ninth  Street  and  note  from  the  car  windows 
the  principal  buildings  that  you  pass. 

The  Casino,  a  Moorish  structure  at  the  south- 
eastern corner  of  Broadway   and  Thirty-ninth 


GREATER  NEW  70RK. 


12r, 


Street,  is  devoted  t<>  the  presentation  of  comic 
opera.  The  architectural  design  of  this  edifice 
is  an  adaptation  of  the  Palace  of  the  Alhambra  in 
Spain,  excellently  carried  out  in  detail.  A  lan- 
tern-lighted garden  on  the  roofoffersa  delight- 
ful resort  for  summer  evenings. 

The  M  btropolitan  (  )rera  Bouse. — The  build- 
ing occupying  an  entire  block  between  Thirty- 
ninth  and  Fortieth  streets,  is  an  example  of 
a  very  simple  treatment  of  Italian  Renaissance. 
The  auditorium,  which  is  enormous,  contains  one 
hundred  and  twenty-two  boxes,  each  of  which  is 
connected  with  a  salon  in  which  refreshments 
may  be  served  or  visits  received.  Smaller  rooms 
for  concerts  and  lectures  are  also  provided,  and 
are  constantly  patronized.  The  building  was 
opened  in  1883,  under  the  management  of  Henry 
Abbey.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  principally 
devoted  to  splendid  presentations  of  the  ( xerman 
and  1  talian opera,  although  great  halls  and  mass- 
meetingS  are  held  here  during  the  season. 

Tin-:  American  Theatre  is  at  Forty-second 
Street  near  Eighth  Avenue. 

Tin-:  Wokkin^-Mexs  School. — This  institution 
is  situated  east  of  Seventh  Avenue  (into  which 
the  car  enters  at  Forty-third  Street),  nt  Kin  East 
Fifty-fourth  Street.    Educators  and  philanthro- 


126 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


pists  from  all  parts  of  the  world  vi.sit  this  place 
in  order  to  study  the  methods  that  have  been 
successfully  conducted  by  the  Society  for  Ethi- 
cal Culture. 

Carnegie  Music  Hall. — The  close  of  the 
music  season  of  1890—91  v  was  made  memorable 
by  the  opening  of  the  edifice  at  the  southeastern 
corner  of  Seventh  Avenue  and  Fifty-seventh 
Street,  an  event  made  possible  through  the  mu- 
ni licence  of  Andrew  Carnegie.  This  stately 
structure,  a  very  good  example  of  the  Italian 
Renaissance  style  of  architecture,  has  change* I 
the  centre  of  musical  life  from  the  vicinity  of 
Union  Square  to  the  Central  Park  region.  It  is 
close  to  the  spot  at  the  corner  of  Seventh  Ave- 
nue and  Fifty-ninth  Street,  where  Theodore 
Thomas,  in  his  summer-garden  concerts,  maybe 
said  to  have  inaugurated  his  career  as  a  musical 
conductor. 

The  building  contains  a  series  of  halls  adapted 
to  every  variety  of  musical  assemblage.  Main 
Hall  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  three  thou- 
sand, and  is  perfect  in  its  ventilation  and  acous- 
tic properties.  Recital  Hall,  Chamber  Music 
Hall,  and  Chapter  Room,  comprise  the  other 
apartments,  all  of  which  are  provided  with  the 
requirements  necessary  for  the  purpose  indicated 


GREATER  NEW  YORK.  L27 

l)v  their  names,  and  are  decorated  with  tasteful 
elegance. 

The  Broadway  Line  proper  terminates  al 
Fifty-ninth  StreeJ  and  Seventh  A.venue,  where 
the  Navarro  Flats,  culled  the  "Madrid,"  "Cor- 
dova," "  Lisbon,"  and  "  Granada,"  are  situated. 
The  cost  of  these  sumptuous  apartment  houses 
was  more  than  seven  millions  of  dollars.  The 
Boulevard  is  a  continuation  of  Broadway  from 
this  point  north. 

There  are  several  fine  restaurants  in  this 
vicinity,  and  a  dinner  at  one  of  them  will  close 
the  days  outing. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


THE    FOURTH  MORNING. 

Fourth  and  Madison  Avenues. — On  the 
fourth  morning  at  1)  o'clock,  the  party  will  take 
the  cars  on  the  cast  side,  corner  of  Fourth  Ave- 
nue and  Fourteenth  Street,  and  with  your  guide- 
book open  at  the  following  chapter,  a  most  in- 
teresting morning  will  be  furnished  you. 

The  upper  portion  of  Fourth  Avenue  extends 
northward  from  Union  Square  to  Thirty-second 
Street. 

All  Souls7  Unitarian  Church,  formerly  pre- 
sided over  by  the  celebrated  Dr.  Bellows,  stands 
at  the  southeastern  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and 
Twentieth  Street.  The  New  York  Flower  Mis- 
sion receives  its  supplies  in  the  basement  of  this 
building 

The  American  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Animals — made  effective  by  the 
herculean  efforts  of  the  late  Henry  Bergh— 
formerly  occupied  the  building  at  the  Twenty- 
second  Street  corner,  but  is  now  temporarily 

128 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


domiciled  ;it  \<>.  LO  Hast  Twenty-second  Street. 
The  old  Boston  Post  Road  turned  eastward  al 
this  point,  passing  along  the  outskirts  of  Hose 
Hill  Farm,  the  home  of  General  Gates. 

The  Lyceum  Theatre  is  directly  north  of  the 
Academy  of  Design.  This  play-house  is  re- 
nowned for  the  moral  character  of  its  presenta- 
tions. The  Fourth  Avenue  Studio  Building  is 
at  the  corner  of  Twenty-fifth  Street.  Besides 
this,  and  the  one  already  mentioned  in  Tenth 
Street,  the  other  buildings  devoted  exclusively 
to  artists  are  :  '  The  Sherwood."  in  West  Fifty- 
seventh  Street  near  Sixth  Avenue;  "The  Rem- 
brandt," near  Seventh  Avenue  in  West  Fifty- 
seventh  Street;  "The  Holbein."  \os.  L39  to  1  45 
West  Fifty-seventh  Street ;  Nos.  L40  to  1  16,  at 
the  opposite  side  of  the  same  street,  and  No.  L06 
West  Fifty-fifth  Street.  There  are  also  a  num- 
ber of  studios  in  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  Building,  and  in  the  old  Manhattan 
( Mill)  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue 
and  Fifteenth  Street.  To  some  of  these  studios 
visitors  are  admitted  at  anytime,  while  a  special 
reception  (lav  is  appointed  for  others.  The  jani- 
tors can  usually  tell  what  studios  are  open. 

Murray  Una.  rises  at  Thirty-second  Street, 
where  the  ground  is  tunneled  for  the  passage 


130 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


of  the  horse-cars.  Above  the  tunnel  a  series  of 
openings,  surrounded  with  flowers,  give  the 
street  the  appropriate  name  of  Park  Avenue.  At 
the  corner  of  Thirty-second  Street  stands  a  build- 
ing which  was  erected  by  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart 
for  a  working-women's  home.  The  experiment 
proved  a  failure  because  of  the  stringent  rules, 
and  the  structure  was  converted  into  a  hotel, 
called  "  The  Park  Avenue.''  Considerable  bric- 
a-brac  from  the  Stewart  Mansion  now  decorates 
the  interior  of  this  building. 

The  Church  of  the  Messiah,  of  which  the 
Rev.  Robert  Collyer  is  the  pastor,  with  Dr. 
Minot  J.  Savage  as  associate  pastor,  is  at  the 
corner  of  Park  Avenue  and  Thirty-fourth  Street. 
This  rise  of  ground  once  formed  the  estate  of 
Robert  Murray,  the  "  Quaker  Merchant  of  the 
Revolution/'  and  the  father  of  Lindley  Murray, 
the  grammarian.  The  place  was  known  as 
"Inclenberg,"  and  became  historic  through  the 
adroit  diplomacy  of  Mrs.  Murray,  who,  by  her 
hospitality  and  grace,  detained  the  British  offi- 
cers. Howe,  Clinton,  and  Cornwallis,  while  Put- 
nam and  his  column,  guided  by  Aaron  Burr, 
passed  within  half  a  mile  of  her  house,  at  the 
time  of  their  retreat  to  Harlem. 

The  Grand  Central  Railway  Station,  facing 


132 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


the  tunnel  at  Forty-second  Street,  is  the  termi- 
nus for  the  Xew  York  Central  the  New  York 
and  Xew  Haven,  and  the  Xew  York  and  Harlem 
railways,  each  of  which  has  offices  in  the  build- 
ing, as  well  as  passenger  rooms.  The  space  for 
trains  is  covered  with  a  ^lass  roof,  having  a 
single  arch  of  a  span  of  two  hundred  feet,  and 
an  altitude  -of  one  hundred  and  ten  feet.  The 
length  of  the  building  is  six  hundred  and  ninety- 
five  feet.  About  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
trains  arrive  and  depart  daily,  but  confusion  or 
crowding  is  almost  unknown. 

The  site  on  which  the  station  stands  was  once 
a  cornfield  belonging  to  the  Murrays,  into  which 
the  American  soldiers  plunged  in  their  precipi- 
tate retreat  from  Kip's  Bay;  On  a  cross-road  at 
about  Forty-third  Street,  they  were  met  by 
Washington,  who  is  said  to  have  been  extremely 
severe  in  his  condemnation  of  their  panic. 

Madison  Avenue. — At  Forty-fourth  Street 
the  horse-car  tracks  turn  into  Madison  Avenue, 
whence  they  extend  northward  to  Harlem.  On 
the  corner  of  Forty-second  Street  and  Madison 
Avenue  may  be  seen  the  magnificent  hotel  build- 
ing lately  erected  at  a  cost  of  two  and  a  half 
million  dollars,  and  known  as  "The  Manhattan." 

St.  Bartholomew's  Church,  a  good  specimen 


GREATER  NEW  YORK.  138 

of  the  Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  stands 
at  the  Forty-fourth  Street  corner. 

The  Manhattan  Athletic  Club-House,  at 
the  southeastern  eornei'  of  Forty-fifth  Street,  is 
an  attempt  at  the  Romanesque,  with  Byzantine 
ornamentation.  The  grounds  for  exercise  are 
at  Eighty-sixth  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue.  They 
comprise  an  entire  block.  The  boat-house  is  on 
the  Harlem  River.  The  club  purchased  Ber- 
rian's  Island,  in  1890;  club-houses,  etc.,  were 
built  in  L893,  but  were  practically  abandoned 
in  1895,  when  the  society  reorganized  and  again 
took  possession  of  the  island,  which  is  comprised 
of  seventy  acres  in  Bowery  Bay,  Long  Island 
Sound. 

Tin:  Railroad  Branch  of  tiik  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  occupies  the  building  at 
the  northeastern  corner  of  Porty-tifth  Street. 
This  edifice,  which  is  also  Romanesque  in  design, 
was  a  liberal  contribution  from  Cornelius  \  an- 
derbilt. 

Columbia  University,  which  once  occupied 
the  buildings  that  cover  the  entire  block  be- 
tween Forty-ninth  and  Fiftieth  Streets,  was  in- 
corporated in  1  To  I  as  "Kings  College,"  the 
necessary  funds  having  been  obtained  from  Eng- 
land. Recitations  were  first  heard  in  the  vestry- 


134 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


room  of  Trinity  Church,  but  when  a  grant  of 
Land  was  obtained  from  the  "  Church  Farm"  (in 
Park  Place,  near  the  North  River),  college 
buildings  were  erected  and  occupied  by  the 
students  until  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution. 
After  the  war  it  became  necessary  to  recreate 
the  institution,  as  the  library  was  found  to  be 
scattered  and  the  buildings  demolished.  It  was 
therefore  reincorporated  in  1784  under  its 
present  name,  and  its  management  was  vested 
in  a  self-perpetuating  body  of  twenty-four  trus- 
tees. 

Among  the  many  historical  personages  who 
acquired  their  scholastic  attainments  in  this  in- 
stitution appear  the  names  of  Robert  R.  Living- 
ston, Gouverneur  Morris,  John  Jay,  Alexander 
Hamilton,  and  De  Witt  Clinton. 

The  old  buildings  were  erected  in  1857,  when 
the  Legislature  grunted  twenty  acres  of  ground 
to  the  college.  Since  that  time  its  income  has 
been  chiefly  derived  from  rentals  of  its  real 
estate.  The  college  lias  now  removed  to  a  site 
further  uptown.  The  plot  of  ground  is  bounded 
by  Amsterdam  Avenue,  the  Boulevard  and  One 
Hundred  and  Sixteenth  and  One  Hundred  and 
Twentieth  streets.  This  is  known  as  Morningside 
Heights,  which  you  will  visit  later.    The  five 


(!  REA  TEH  NEW  YORK. 


collegiate  departments  of  the  1  fniversity  are:  the 
Schools  of  Art,  Mines,  Law,  l>oiitical  Science, 
and  Medicine.  The  corps  of  instructors  num- 
bers ;il>out  sixty,  ;iiid  the  average  attendance  <>i 
students  is  about  eighteen  hundred.  The  college 
library,  containing  one  hundred  thousand  vol- 
umes, is  free  to  strangers,  as  well  as  to  students. 
Barnard  College  for  women,  at  No.  343  Madi- 
son Avenue,  is  under  the  Columbia  University 
instructors.  This  school  lias  also  purchased  a 
site  uptown,  and  the  new  buildings  are  on  a 
block  between  One  Hundred  and  Nineteenth  and 
One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  streets,  and  Cler- 
mont Avenue  and  the  Boulevard.  The  same 
regimen  is  required  as  for  the  male  students. 
The  Medical  Department  occupies  a  building, 
No.  137  West  Fifty-ninth  Street,  which  was  a 
gift  from  William  H.  Vanderbilt.  Connected 
with  this  is  the  Sloane  Maternity  Hospital,  a  gift 
from  Mr.  \  anderhilt's  daughter,  Mrs.  Sloane. 
These  magnificent  donations,  together  with  the 
Vanderbilt  Free  Clinic  and  Dispensary  -for 
which  funds  were  contributed  by  Mr.  \  ander- 
hilt's four  sons — place  the  Columbia  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  first  rank  for 
facilities  as  well  as  for  instruction. 

Tin-  WOman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  New 


L36 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


York,  corner  of  Fiftieth  Street  and  Park  Ave- 
nue is  an  organization  in  which  only  women 
are  treated,  was  founded  by  Dr.  J.  Marion  Sims, 
and  incorporated  in  1857,  by  seven  philanthropic 
ladies.  The  ground  upon  which  the  building- 
stands  formerly  contained  the  remains  of  pau- 
pers and  strangers,  that,  several  times,  had  been 
transferred  as  the  city  grew  northward.  From 
here  they  were  removed  to  Hart's  Island,  their 
present  place  of  sepulture. 

A  Florentine  Palace  in  Madison  Avenue  at 
Fiftieth  Street,  of  brown  sandstone,  with  an  open 
court  leading  to  three  separate  entrances,  was 
built  by  Henry  Villard.  In  the  first  division 
lives  II.  C.  Fahnestock  ;  in  the  first  half  of  the 
middle  division,  F.  I).  Adams  ;  and  in  the  second, 
A.  It.  Holmes  ;  the  third  entrance  leads  to  the 
home  of  Whitelaw  Reid.  Climbing  vines  add 
greatly  to  the  picturesque  effect  of  this  peculiar 
residence. 

Tin:  Palace  of  the  Archbishop,  at  No.  45i>. 
and  the  rectory  at  Xo.  460,  correspond  architec- 
turally with  the  cathedral,  which  with  them 
forms  a  group  of  ma  jestic  proportions. 

A  Roman  Catholic  orphan  asylum  occupies  the 
eastern  side  of  the  block  between  Fifty-first  and 
Fifty-second  streets.      The  elegant  Beekman 


GREATER  NEW  YORK.  137 

Mansion,  where  the  brave  spy,  Nathan  Hale, 
was  tried,  condemned,  and  executed  express- 
ing in  his  Last  moments  regret  that  he  had  but 
one  life  to  lose  for  his  country  was  in  Fifty- 
first  Street,  near  the  East  River.  Lenox  Lyceum, 
a  popular  concert  hall,  is  between  Fifty-eighth 
and  Fifty-ninth  streets.  B'nai  Jeshuron,  a 
beautiful  Jewish  synagogue  of  Moorish  design, 
is  near  Sixty-fifth  Street. 

All  Souls'  Church  (Episcopalian),  of  which 
the  Rev.  R.  Heber  Newton  is  pastor,  is  at  the 
northeastern  corner  of  Sixty -sixth  Street. 

The  Seventh  Regiment  Armory. — At  Sixty- 
sixth  Street  it  will  be  necessary  to  leave  the  cars 
and  walk  eastward  for  a  short  distance.  The 
armory,  in  Fourth  Avenue,  between  Sixty-sixth 
and  Sixty-seventh  streets,  is  a  massive  building 
of  red  brick,  with  granite  facings,  constructed 
without  regard  to  any  particular  style  of  archi- 
tecture, but  perfect  in  its  interior  appointments. 
The  main  drill-room  is  spacious,  the  dimensions 
being  two  hundred  by  three  hundred  feet. 
Visitors  are  admitted  on  application  to  the  jani- 
tor. 

Many  interesting  buildings  are  situated  in  this 
vicinity.  Mt.  Sinai  Hospital  is  at  the  corner  of 
Sixty-sixth  Street  and  Lexington  Avenue,  one 


138 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


block  east  of  Fourth  A  venue.  The  Chapin  Home 
for  the  Aged  and  Infirm  is  in  East  Sixty-sixth 
Street,  at  No.  151.  The  American  Institute 
Hall,  in  which  industrial  exhibitions  are  held 
every  autumn,  is  still  further  east,  in  Third 
Avenue  at  Sixty-third  Street.  The  Central  Turn- 
verein  Building  is  in  Sixty-seventh  Street,  east 
of  Third  Avenue.  A  .Moorish  structure  in  Sixty- 
seventh  Street,  west  of  Third  Avenue,  is  the  Jew- 
ish Tabernacle.  The  Headquarters  of  the  Fire 
Department  are  at  Xos.  157  °.nd  159  East  Sixty- 
seventh  Street,  The  maintenance  of  the  depart- 
ment costs  the  city  nearly  two  millions  of  dollars 
annually.  A  Deaf  Mute  Asylum  is  in  Lexing- 
ton Avenue,  between  Sixty-seventh  and  Sixty- 
eighth  streets.  A  Foundling  Asylum  (Roman 
Catholic)  is  in  Sixty-eighth  Street  near  Third 
Avenue.  The  Baptist  Home  for  the;  Aged  and 
Infirm  is  in  Sixty-eighth  Street,  near  Fourth 
Avenue,  and  Hahnemann  Hospital  occupies  a 
Mock  in  Fourth  Avenue,  between  Sixty-seventh 
and  Sixty-eighth  streets. 

The  Normal  College  for  Women,  at  the 
northeastern  corner  of  Sixty-eighth  Street  and 
Fourth  Avenue,  is  under  the  control  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  it  being  a  part  of  the  common- 
school  system.     About  one  thousand  and  six 


GREATER  tfEW  FORK. 


L89 


hundred  students  are  annually  registered  in  this 
institution,  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  whom  be- 
come teachers  in  the  public  schools.  The  col- 
lege curriculum  includes  Latin,  physics,  chem- 
istry, and  natural  science,  German,  French, 
drawing,  and  music;  and  the  cost  of  mainten- 
ance is  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  a 
year.  This  structure,  which  is  in  the  secular 
Gothic  style  with  a  Lofty  Victoria  tower,  is  un- 
surpassed by  any  similar  si  ructure  in  the  country. 

Tu  10  Txion  Thkoumjical  Seminary  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  occupies  the  group  of 
handsome  buildings  at  the  western  side  oi 
Fourth  Avenue,  between  Sixty-ninth  and  Seven- 
tieth streets.  This  property  is  valued  at  two 
millions  of  dollars.  The  Presbyterian  Hospital 
covers  the  block  between  Seventieth  and  Seventy- 
first  streets,  and  Madison  and  Fourth  avenues. 

Tin:  Freundschaft  Club-House  is  in  Seventy- 
second  Street,  east  of  Fourth  Avenue,  and  the 
Flemish  mansion,  built  tor  Mr  Tiffany,  bul  for  a 
long  time  the  elegant  home  of  Mr.  Henry  Villard, 
is  in  Seventy-second  Street  at  the  northwestern 
corner  of  Madison  Avenue.  Temple  Re.th-Kl  is 
on  the  corner  of  Seventy-sixth  Street  and  Fifth 
A  venue. 

After  inspecting  the  exterior  of  this  uniqui 


l-AO 


G HEATER  NEW  YORK. 


but  palatial  residence,  the  visitor  will  be  pleased 
to  begin  the  tour  of  the  principal  residence  street 
of  the  city,  the  far-famed 

FIFTH  AVENUE. 

The  Lenox  Library  Building,  which  stands  in 
Fifth  Avenue,  between  Seventy-first  and  Seven- 
tieth streets,  was  erected  by  James  Lenox  in 
1870  at  a  cost  of  over  one  million  dollars,  and 
endowed  by  him  with  a  permanent  fund  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

The  library,  which  occupies  the  wings,  eon- 
tains  about  thirty  thousand  volumes,  including 
Shakesperiana,  Americana,  many  first  editions 
of  the  Bible,  a  perfect  cony  of  the  "Mazarin 
Bible  "  (the  first  complete  printed  book  known 
supposed  to  be  the  product  of  Gutenberg  and 
Straus,  at  Mainz,  in  1450);  a  large  folio  Latin 
Bible  printed  by  Koberger  at  Nuremberg,  1477, 
which  is  densely  interlined  in  the  handwriting 
of  Melancthon — some  "block  books,"  that  rep- 
resent the  stage  of  printing  before  movable 
types  superseded  the  Chinese  fashion  of  cutting 
the  page  on  a  wooden  block  ;  many  rare  books 
from  the  early  presses  of  Europe,  the  United 
States  and  Mexico.  There  is  also  a  valuable 
collection  of  manuscripts,  to  which  has  been  re- 


142 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


cently  added  a  twelve  thousand-dollar  treasure 
superbly  illustrated  by  Griulio  Clovio.  The 
picture  gallery,  occupying  the  main  portion  of 
the  second  floor,  contains  many  fine  paintings, 
chiefly  modern.  Among  them  are  several  W il- 
ls ies,  Verboeckhovens,  Stuarts,  Reynolds,  and 
Leslies  ;  also  two  Turners  and  two  Copleys  ; 
besides  an  Andrea  del  Sarto,  a  Delaroche,  a 
Gainsborough,  and  a  Horace  Vernet.  Mun- 
kacsy's  li  Blind  Milton  dictating  '  Paradise  Lost 1 
to  his  Daughters  " — which  was  considered  to 
be  the  gem  of  the  Paris  Exposition  in  1878 — is 
one  of  the  most  attractive  paintings  in  the  gal- 
lery. The  collection  also  embraces  a  huge 
number  of  portraits,  including  one  of  Bunyan — 
which  is  believed  to  be  an  original — and  five  of 
Washington,  three  having  been  painted  by 
Rembrandt  Peale,  one  by  James  Peale,  and  one 
full-length  by  Stuart.  This  gallery  has  recently 
been  further  enriched  by  the  late  Mrs.  Robert 
L.  Stuart,  who  bequeathed  to  it  her  paintings. 
A  valuable  collection  of  books,  on  the  subject  of 
music,  and  of  manuscripts,  was  also  donated  to 
the  library  by  Mr.  Joseph  W.  Drexel. 

The  library  is  open  every  day  except  Sun- 
days and  holidays  from  9  a.m.  until  G  p.m.  JS  o 
admission  fee  is  charged. 


Between  the  Lenox  Library  Building  and 
Fifty-ninth  Street,  many  stately  mansions,  with 
broad  porches  and  richly  decorated  vestibules, 
suggest  ;i  most  inviting  hospitality.  This  por- 
tion of  Fifth  Avenue  and  the  streets  that  lend 
eastward  from  it.  have  recently  become  a  fash* 
ionable  residence  quarter.  Among  the  most 
noteworthy  are  the  Astor  residences  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Sixty-fifth  Street,  and  that 
of  Mr.  El  bridge  T.  Gerry,  <>n  the  corner  of  Sixty- 
first  Street. 

The  Progress  Club,  an  organization  of  He- 
brew gentlemen,  is  at  the  northeastern  corner 
of  Sixty-third  Street. 

The  Metropolitan  Club,  which  is  supposed 
to  contain  more  men  of  great  wealth  than  any 
other  club  in  the  city,  is  on  the  corner  of  Six- 
tieth Street. 

The  approach  to  the  Park  entrance  in  Fifty- 
ninth  Street,  called  the  Plaza,  is  surrounded  by 
three  elaborately-constructed  hotels,  the  New 
Netherlands  on  the  northeastern  corner,  the  Ho- 
tel Savoy  on  the  southeastern  corner,  and  the 
Plaza  Hotel  on  the  northwestern  corner.  From 
this  point  south  are  many  palatial  residences  of 
New  York  millionaires. 

Cornelius  Vanderbilt's  home,  occupying  the 


Sweater  .\hw  yorK. 


block  between  Fifty-seventh  and  Fifty-eighth 
streets,  isn  beautiful  specimen  of  modern  French 
Renaissance  architecture.  At  No.  3  West  Fifty- 
seventh  Street  is  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Frederick 
Pearson  ;  at  No.  5  on  the  same  street,  her  brother, 
Frederick  F.  Ayer.  On  the  southwest  corner  of 
Fifty-seventh  Street  is  the  late  residence  of  ex- 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  William  ( J.  Whitney,  which 
is  now  occupied  by  the  recently  wedded  son  of 
Mr.  Whitney  and  daughter  of  Mr.  V^anderbilt. 
Mr.  C.  P.  Huntington  has  erected  a  handsome 
mansion  opposite,  at  the  southeastern  corner.  The 
elaborate  edifice  in  the  early  Gothic  style,  ;it  the 
corner  of  Fifty-fifth  Street,  is  the  Presbyterian 
Church  over  which  Dr.  John  Hall  presides.  St. 
Luke's  Hospital  occupies  the  northwestern  corner 
of  Fifty-fourth  Street.     The  Gothic  structure  at 

the  corner  of  Fifty-third  Street  is  St.  Thomas' 
Episcopal  Church.  The  interior  of  this  build- 
ing, which  is  particularly  pleasing  both  in  color 
mid  in  architectural  design,  contains  paintings 
by  John  La  Farge. 

The  \Tanderbilt  Residences.  The  remark- 
ably beautiful  home  of  W.  K.  Vranderbilt,  at 
the  northwestern  corner  of  Fifty-second  Street, 
is  ;i  very  fine  example  oi  French  Renaissance 
(just  emerging  from  the  Gothic)  of  the  time  of 


J 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Francois  the  First.  The  connected  brownstone 
houses  between  Fifty-second  and  Fifty-firsi 
streets,  were  occupied  l>v  the  widow  of  William 
H.  Vanderbilt,  and  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Sloane. 
Mrs.  \  anderhilt  possessed  a  very  choice  collec- 
tion of  paintings,  and  her  gallery  was  freely 
opened  to  the  public  in  the  past  ;  but  the  abuse 
of  this  privilege,  having  necessitated  much 
more  rigid  rules,  it  is  now  quite  difficult  to  ob- 
tain admission.  Mrs.  Sloane  still  resides  here. 
The  Roman  Catholic  Male  Orphan  Asylum  is 
opposite.  No.  634  is  the  residence  of  I).  0. 
Mills.  The  home  of  Chauncey  M.  Depew  is  at 
No.  431  West  Fifty-fourth  Street. 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral.  -Between  Fifty- 
first  and  Fiftieth  streets  stands  a  white  marble 
edifice  which  is  the  finest  church  building  in  the 
United  States.     Its  elaborate  architecture  is  of 

the  decorated  Gothic,  or  geometric  style,  similar 
to  that  of  the  cathedrals  of  Rheims.  ( Jologne,  and 
Amiens,  on  the  continent,  and  the  naves  of  York 
Minster.  Exeter,  and  Westminster,  in  England. 
Its  length  is  three  hundred  and  six  feet,  its  width 
is  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  and  its  towers 
are  three  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  and  nine 
inches  in  height.  The  same  architectural  style 
is  preserved  throughout  the  interior  of  the  cathe- 


148 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


dral.  Massive  columns  of  white  marble,  elabor- 
ately sculptured,  support  springing  arches  of 
exquisite  proportions.  The  ceiling  is  groined 
with  richly  moulded  ribs  and  foliage  bosses. 
The  high  altar  is  of  marble,  inlaid  with  semi- 
precious stones,  with  the  divine  passion  carved 
in  bas-relief  on  its  panels.  The  tabernacle  over 
the  altar  is  decorated  with  Roman  mosaics,  pre- 
cious stones,  and  a  door  of  fine  gilt  bronze.  The 
throne  of  the  cardinal,  which  is  Gothic  in  design, 
is  at  the  right  of  the  sanctuary.  Among  the 
beautiful  stained-glass  windows  there  are  thirty- 
seven  memorials.  Many  paintings  adorn  the 
walls,  the  most  admirable  of  which,  by  ( \>stazzini, 
hangs  over  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Family.  The  entire 
cost  of  construction  is  estmated  at  $2,500,000. 

The  cathedral  was  projected  by  Archbishop 
Hughes  in  1850.  It  is  open  every  day  in  the 
week. 

The  home  of  the  Democratic  Club  is  at  No.  * 
617.  This  is  an  important  political  and  social  or- 
ganization. The  building  was  purchased  in  1890 
for  $175,000. 

The  church  at  the  corner  of  Forty-eighth  Street, 
is  one  of  three  beloim-in<r  to  the  Collegiate  Dutch 
Reformed  Society,  next  to  Trinity  the  oldest 
and  wealthiest  ecclesiastical  corporation  in  the 


ST.  I'ATHIl'K  S  CATilKDKAl, 


150 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


country.  This  organization,  chartered  by  Wil- 
liam III.,  in  1096,  vests  the  title  and  manage- 
ment of  its  large  property  in  a  legislative  body, 
called  the  consistory,  in  which  each  of  the  three 
churches  is  represented.  The  one  just  mentioned, 
the  third  of  the  series,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  or- 
namental Gothic  architecture  in  brownstone. 
The  residence  of  Jay  Gould  was  at  No.  579.  The 
rooms  of  the  American  Yacht  Club  are  in  No. 
574.  No.  502  is  the  residence  of  J.  W.  Harper, 
Jr.  The  Windsor  Hotel  is  opposite,  between 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  streets.  The 
Church  of  the  Heavenly  Rest  (Episcopalian)  is 
just  above  Forty-fifty  Street.  The  Lotos  Club  is 
between  Forty-fourth  and  Forty-fifth  streets,  No. 
•V")  0-558  Fifth  Avenue.  It  is  composed  of  artists, 
actors,  literary  and  professional  men.  It  was 
founded  in  1870. 

The  Church  of  the  Divine  Paternity  (Uni- 
vcrsalist).  long  known  as  Dr.  Chapin's  church, 
is  at  the  southwestern  corner  of  Forty-fifth  Street. 
The  interior  decoration  of  this  edifice  is  quite  a, 
departure  from,  orthodox  ecclesiastical  styles. 
Musical  services  are  held  here  Sunday  evenings 
that  offer  a  rare  treat  to  visitors.  Within  a  few 
years  the  site  where  the  present  building  stands 
was  purchased  for  about  the  sum  of  $50,000.  It 


(i HEA  TER  SEW   YORK.  L51 

has  recently  been  sold  for  $625,000.  This  is 
givenas  an  illustration  ofhow  fortunes  have  been 
made  by  buying  early  and  holding  to  property  in 
this  street.  Rev.  ( Jharles  Eaton  is  the  present  pas- 
tor. The  Berkeley  School  or  Lyceum  isthe  build- 
ing Nos.  19  21  West  Forty-fourth  Street,  [tcon- 
tains  a  theatre,  baths,  and  target  range.  Many 
societies  and  clubs  make  this  building  their 
headquarters. 

Temple  Emanuel. —  The  attractive  building 
with  minaret  towers,  at  the  northeastern  corner 
of  Forty-third  Street,  is  the  finest  specimen  of 
Saracenic  architecture  in  the  city.  The  interior 
is  elaborate,  being  profusely  decorated  with  rich 
oriental  colors.  Rabbi  Gottheil,  who  preachesin 
this  synagogue,  is  popular  with  both  Jew  and 
Gentile. 

The  Century-Club  Bouse,  at  No.  7  West 
Forty-third  Street,  is  occupied  by  a  society  of 
the  most  influential  literary,  artistic,  and  profes- 
sional celebrities.  This  association,  founded  in 
1847.  has  but  recently  erected  its  present  home, 
the  ornate  style  of  which  represents  the  school  of 
Italian  Renaissance. 

The  Reservoir. — -The  distributing  reservoir 
of  the(  Jroton  water- works,  between  Forty-second 
and  Forty-first  streets,  is  one  hundred  and  fit- 


152 


G HEATER  NEW  YORK. 


teen  feet  above  tide-water,  and  has  a  capacity  of 
twenty  millions  of  gallons.  Its  sombre  stone 
walls  covered  with  vines,  are  rather  picturesque 
than  otherwise.  This  is  the  new  site  for  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  a  consolidation  of  Lenox 
and  Astor  libraries  and  Tilden  Foundation. 

Bryant  Park. — At  the  rear  of  the  reservoir  is 
another  restful,  shady  spot  in  the  midst  of  the 
city's  busy  life.  This  plot  of  ground  was  covered 
in  1853  by  the  Crystal  Palace,  a  building  con- 
structed of  iron  and  glass  and  erected  for  the  pur- 
poses of  an  international  exhibition.  Asanovelty 
it  created  great  enthusiasm,  and  the  display  of 
sculpture  and  painting  gave  a  special  impetus  to 
the  patronage  and  culture  of  the  fine  arts.  An 
attempt  was  made  to  maintain  a  perpetual  art 
exhibition  in  the  palace,  but  the  worthy  effort 
failed.  The  ^  House  of  Glass  "  was  also  the  scene 
of  a  magnificent  ovation  to  ( Jyrus  W.  Field,  when, 
in  1858,  the  Atlantic  cable  had  abolished  the 
ocean  as  a  barrer  of  intercourse.  Shortly  after 
this  memorable  event,  the  beautiful  building,  with 
its  glittering  dome  and  lofty  galleries,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

A  colossal  bronze  bust  of  Washington  Irving, 
which  stands  near  the  Fortieth  Street  entrance 
to  the  Park,  was  executed  by  Beer,  a  European 


GREATER  NEW  FORK  L53 

sculptor,  ;iii<l  presented  to  the  city  by  a  private 
citizen  in  1  866. 

The  Republican  Club  occupies  commodious 
quarters  at  No.  [&Q  Fifth  Avenue. 

The  Union  League  Club-House. — The  elab- 
orate building  of  red  brick  and  brownstone,  at 
the  northeastern  corner  of  Thirty-ninth  Street, 
is  Italian  Renaissance  in  design,  and  occupies  a 
site  which  displays  its  architectural  features  to 
fine  advantage.  The  interior  decorations  are 
extremely  tasteful,  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
hails,  galleries,  and  various  rooms  is  well  suited 
to  the  requirements  of  cultured  gentlemen.  The 
Library  contains  over  three  thousand  volumes, 
besides  rare  collections  of  engravings  and  etch- 
ing's. A  magnificent  fresco  bv  La  Fargre  adorns 
the  ceiling  of  the  dining-room.  Landscape 
paintings  and  portraits  that  are  owned  by  the 
club,  hang  on  the  walls  of  the  different  apart- 
ments, but  the  galleries  are  reserved  for  monthly 
exhibitions  of  loan  paintings.  To  these,  ladies 
are  admitted  if  provided  with  cards  from  mem- 
bers. The  annual  reception  given  by  this  club 
is  always  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  the  New 

5  Ork  season. 

The  Qnion  League,  really  the  child  of  the 
United  States  Sanitary  Commission,  was  organ- 


154 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


ized  in  1863,  as  a  league  of  men  of  "absolute 
and  unqualified  loyalty  to  the  United  States, " 
who  were  unwavering  in  their  efforts  to  sup- 
press the  Rebellion.  The  club  is  still  the  strong- 
hold of  the  Republican  party,  but  since  the  war 
it  has  been  more  social  than  political  in  its 
character. 

The  rooms  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Club  are  at  No. 
415.  This  society  is  composed  exclusively  of 
gentlemen  of  the  Knickerbocker  stock,  the  fam- 
ilies of  whom  resided  in  New  York  State  prior 
to  1785.  The  Brick  Church  (Presbyterian)  is 
at  the  Thirty-seventh  Street  corner.  A  former 
edifice  belonging  to  this  society  was  once  a  con- 
spicuous feature  of  City  Hall  Park.  One  of  the 
oldest  and  most  fashionable  of  clubs,  the  New 
York,  occupies  the  Queen  Anne  mansion  at  the 
Thirty-fifth  Street  corner. 

The  Stewart  Mansion. — The  former  resi- 
dence of  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart,  at  the  north- 
western corner  of  Thirty-fourth  Street,  was  built 
about  18(H)  at  a  cost  of  two  millions  of  dollars. 
It  is  constructed  of  pure  white  marble  and  arch- 
itecturally is  a  good  exemplification  of  the 
classical  Italian  Renaissance.  The  rare  paintings 
and  statuary  that  Mr.  Stewart  collected  have 
been  scattered  in  many  directions,  and  the  house 


156 


ORE  AT  Eli  NEW  YORK. 


having-  been  unoccupied  for  several  years  has 
had  the  appearance  of  a  stately  mausoleum.  It 
is  now  the  home  of  the  Manhattan  Club — an 
organization  intended  to  advance  democratic 
principles  and  promote  social  intercourse. 

Former  residences  of  the  Astors  have  been 
replaced  by  the  hotels  Astoria,  at  the  corner  of 
Thirty-fourth  Street,  and  the  Waldorf  at  the 
Thirty-third  Street  corner.  The  Knickerbocker 
Club -House  is  at  the  northeastern  corner  of 
Thirty-second  Street.  The  members  of  this 
organization  belong  to  exclusive  social  circles. 
Several  coaching  and  polo  teams  form  a  part  of 
the  club  institution.  Anew  and  elaborate  hotel 
at  the  southwestern  cornel'  of  Thirtieth  Street, 
is  called  the  Holland  House.  Holland  Church, 
the  second  of  the  Collegiate  Dutch  Reformed 
Society  series,  stands  at  the  Twenty-ninth  Street 
corner.  It  is  built  of  Vermont  marble,  in  the 
Romanesque  style  of  architecture.  A  silver 
baptismal  basin — procured  in  1094,  and  en- 
graved with  a  sentence  composed  by  Dominie 
Selyns — is  another  relic  of  the  past,  still  in  use 
in  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  recently  erected 
at  the  corner  of  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh 
Street.  No.  10  West  Thirty-first  Street  is  the 
new  "  Life  Building." 


(WEAVER  XEW  YORK. 


The  Little  (1iirucn  Akofni)  the  Coknkr. 
Just  cast  from  Fifth  A.venue,  in  Twenty-ninth 
Street,  stands  the  Church  of  the  Transfiguration, 

made  famous  because  an  actor  was  permitted 
burial  rites  at  its  altar  when  the  other  churches 
of  the  city  had  refused  them.  The  Reform  Club 
(Democratic),  organized  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
moting ballot  and  tariff  reform,  has  its  home  at 
the  uortheastern  corner  of  Twenty-seventh  Street. 
The  Hotel  Brunswick  is  between  Twenty-seventh 
and  Twenty-sixth  streets,  and  Delmonico's  is 
opposite,  at  the  Twenty-sixth  Street  corner.  The 
historical  house,  formerly  the  home  of  Prof  essor 
S.  V.  B.  Morse,  is  at  No.  5  West  Tweiitv-second 
Street.  The  Union  (dub  House  at  the  north- 
western corner  of  Twenty-first  Street,  is  the  home 
of  a  non-political  institution  ranking  very  high 
socially.  No.  109  was  the  home  of  the  late 
August  Belmont,  who  possessed  one  of  the  finest 
collections  of  paintings  in  the  country.  Chicker- 
ing  Hall,  at  the  Eighteenth  Street  corner,  is  used 
for  concerts,  lectures,  etc.  Edwards  Pierreponl 
resided  at  No.  103.  The  First  Presbyterian 
Church  is  at  the  cornel'  of  Eleventh  Street,  and 
the  Church  of  the  Ascension  is  at  the  Tenth 
Street  coniei'. 

"The  Ascension  of(  Jhrist,"  by  John  La  Far^e. 


158 


G BEATER  NEW  YORK. 


— This  great  painting,  which  occupies  an  area 
forty  feet  square,  above  the  altar  in  the  last  men- 
tioned church,  is  considered  by  many  good  critics 
the  most  important  work  of  its  kind  yet  pro- 
duced in  the  United  States.  The  painting  may 
be  viewed  any  afternoon,  as  the  church  is  open 
daily. 

The  Judson  Memorial  at  Washington  Square 
South. — A  shining  cross,  at  a  height  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty-five  feet,  attracts  attention 
every  evening  to  a  new  and  peculiar  religious 
institution,  which  lias  erected  a,  series  of  build- 
ings, including  a  church,  apartment  house,  kin- 
dergarten, gymnasium,  children's  nursery  and 
young  men's  (dub.  These  together  form  a  monu- 
ment to  the  memory  of  Adoniram  Judson,  the 
first  American  foreign  missionary.  The  incredi- 
ble hardships  and  practical  Christianity  of  this 
hero  suggested  a  tribute  that  should  be  in  keep- 
ing with  his  useful  life.  The  church,  which  is 
free  and  within  easy  access  of  the  poorer  classes, 
and  the  institutions  connected  with  it,  are  sup- 
ported by  the  receipts  of  the  apartment  house. 
Rev.  Edward  Judson,  a  son  of  the  missionary,  is 
the  present  pastor  of  the  church.  It  was  he  who 
projected  the  work,  and  secured  by  subscrip- 
tion the  funds  necessary  to  materialize  the  pro- 


GREATER  NEW  FORK. 


159 


ject.  The  cost  of  construction,  four  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  was  covered  by  the  contribu- 
tions of  wealthy  individuals  from  all  parts  of  the 
country. 

The  New  York  University. — The  Gothic 
structure  with  four  octangular  towers,  which 


stood  at  the  eastern  side  of  Washington  Square, 
was  erected  in  L835,  the  University  having  been 
established  in  L831  by  public-spirited  merchants 

nnd  professional  men.  Professor  Samuel  1*\  B, 
Morse,  who  was  one  of  the  first  professors  of 

this  institution,  invented  the  recording  telegraph 


100 


GREATER  NEW  FORK. 


in  a  room  within  this  building  ;  and  in  another 
apartment  near  by,  Professor  John  W.  Draper 
first  applied  photography  to  the  reproduction 
of  the  human  countenance.  Portraits  of  the 
chancellors  and  of  many  distinguished  members 
of  the  council  and  faculties  are  on  the  walls  of 
the  council-room.  Henry  M.  MacCracken,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  is  the  present  Chancellor.  The  name  of 
this  University  was  changed  to  its  present  form 
in  1896.  It  was  formerly  known  as  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New  York.  Besides  its  new 
building  in  Washington  Square,  this  corpora- 
tion has  others  in  East  Twenty-sixth  Street,  be- 
tween First  Avenue  and  the  East  River,  and  at 
University  Heights. 

The  departments  consist  of  the  Schools  of  Art, 
Science,  Medicine  and  Law,  and  the  latter  has 
been  opened  to  women.  There  is  a  graduate 
and  an  undergraduate  division,  the  latter  hav- 
ing been  successfully  carried  on  since  1832,  the 
former  only  since  1886. 

The  building  belonging  to  this  corporation  in 
Twenty-sixth  Street  was  erected  in  1879,  and  is 
appropriated  to  the  Department  of  Medicine. 
Much  of  the  instruction  is  given  to  students  in 
Bellevue  Hospital,  which  is  close  by. 

At  No.  9  University  Place,  a  street  extend- 


(i  HEATER  SEW  YORK 


ing  northward  from  the  University  to  Union 
Square,  the  New  York  College  for  the  Training 
of  Teachers  instructs  students  who  have  already 
acquired  the  elements  of  a  Becondary  education, 
the  deeree  conferred  beinir  that  of  Bachelor  of 
Pedagogy.  The  departments  include  the  his- 
tory, philosophy,  and  principles  of  education  ; 
the  science  and  art  of  teaching  psychology,  and 
manual  training.    The  college  also  provides,  by 

an  extension  system,  free  classes  for  teachers, 
mothers  and  children,  and  a  free  lecture-course 
for  the  public.  By  this  time  it  will  be  fully  12 
o'clock  and  time  for  luncheon  in  the  vicinity. 
The  afternoon  will  be  devoted  to  a  delightful 
drive  to  the  northern  part  of  the  city. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE    FOURTH    AFTERNOON.  THE  DRIVE. 

Allow  three-quarters  of  an  hour  for  the  ride 
from  Washington  Square  to  "the  Circle,"  corner 
of  Fifty-ninth  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue.  To 
get  there,  take  the  Broadway  car.  Be  careful 
not  to  board  a  Lexington  or  a  Columbus  Avenue 
car.  The  Broadway  car  will  take  you  direct  to 
"the  Circle,"  the  end  of  the  line. 

"The  Circle,"  at  Eighth  Avenue  and  Fifty- 
ninth  Street,  is  the  point  at  which  Broadway 
terminates  and  the  Boulevard  begins.  A  cab 
or  coupe  can  be  easily  obtained  at  "  the  Circle," 
but  make  your  business  transaction  with  the 
cab-man  before  you  start.  By  a  cab  is  under- 
stood a  one-horse  vehicle  with  two  wheels.  A 
coupe  is  a  one-horse  vehicle  with  four  wheels. 
The  fares  are  regulated  by  the  city  ordinance. 

Rules  for  Cab  Hire. — 1.  For  conveying  one  or  more  persons 
any  distance,  sums  not  exceeding  the  following  amount:  50c.  for 
first  mile  or  part  thereof;  and  each  additional  half  mile  or  part 
thereof,  25c  By  distance  for  "stops"  of  over  five  minutes  and 
not  exceeding  fifteen  minutes,  25c.    For  longer  stops  the  rate  will 

162 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


be  25c.  for  every  fifteen  minutes  or  fraction  thereof,  if  more  than 
live  minutes.  For  a  brief  stop  not  exceeding  five  minutes  in  a 
single  trip  there  will  be  no  charge. 

2.  For  the  use  of  a  cab  by  the  hour,  with  the  privilege  of  going 
from  place  to  place  and  stopping  as  often  or  as  long  as  may  he  re- 
quired, si.  00  for  fust  hour  or  part  thereof ,  and  for  each  succeeding 
half  hour  or  pari  thereof,  50c. 

By  Carriage,  Coach  or  Hack  is  understood  a  two -horse  vehicle 
with  four  wheels.    Fares  that  may  he  charged  for  same: 

3.  For  conveyingone  or  more  persons  any  distance,  sums  not  ex- 
ceeding the  following  amounts:  $1.00  for  first  mile  or  part  there- 
of, and  each  additional  half  mile  or  part  thereof,  40c;  by  distance 
for  "stops  "  of  over  live  minutes  and  not  exceeding  fifteen  min- 
utes, 38c. ;  for  longer  stops  the  rate  will  be  38c.  for  every  fifteen 
minutes.  For  a  brief  stop,  not  exceeding  five  minutes  in  a  single 
trip,  there  will  be  no  charge. 

4.  For  the  use  of  a  coach  by  the  hour,  with  the  privilege  of  go- 
ing from  place;  to  place  and  stopping  as  often  and  long  as  may  be 
required,  $1.50  for  the  fust  hour  or  part  thereof,  and  for  each  suc- 
ceeding half  hour  or  part  thereof,  73c. 

5  No  cab  or  coach  shall  be  driven  by  the  time  rate  at  a  pace 
less  than  five  miles  an  hour 

Tin-:  Twelfth  Regiment  Armory  is  situated 
at  the  corner  of  Sixty-second  Street  and  Ninth 
Avenue,  and  a  similar  structure,  belonging  to 
the  Twenty-second  Regiment,  stands  on  the 
Boulevard  at  Sixty-seventh  Street. 

The  Dakota  Flats  occupy  the  corner  of 
Eighth  Avenue  and  Seventy-second  Street. 

The  Somerindyke  Eouse,  which  once  stood 
on  Ninth  Avenue  near  Seventy-fifth  Street,  was 
the  home  of  royalty  during  its  exile.  Here 
Louis   Philippe  and  his  brothers,  the  Due  de 


164: 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Montpensier  and  the  Comte  de  Beaujolais,  taught 
school  for  their  living,  and  here  they  were  vis- 
ited by  Queen  Victoria's  father,  the  Duke  of  Kent. 

The  Apthorpe  Mansion,  another  residence 
of  historic  interest,  was  where  Washington  re- 
mained during  the  evacuation  of  New  York, 
only  retiring  to  Washington  Heights  with  his 
staff,  one  hour  before  the  British  officers  took 
possession  of  the  premises.  This  house  stood 
at  the  corner  of  Ninth  Avenue  and  Ninety-first 
Street,  and  lias  only  recently  been  demolished. 

Morningside  Park,  lately  appropriated  for  its 
present  purpose,  is  now  being  improved  by  the 
park  commissioners.  It  is  a  short  distance  to  the 
cast  of  Riverside  Drive  (or  north  of  One  Hundred 
and  Tenth  Street  and  west  of  Eighth  Avenue). 
It  is  a  strip  of  land  about  six  hundred  feet 
wide  and  more  than  half  a  mile  long,  with  an 
area  of  thirty-two  acres,  extending  north  and 
south  upon  the  eastern  slope  of  Bloomingdale 
Heights.  It  overlooks  the  beautiful  Central 
Park  and  the  Harlem  River,  and  commands  a 
view  of  Washington  Heights  and  the  country 
to  the  north  and  east.  A  retaining  wall  rests 
on  the  western  ledge,  which  forms  the  roadway 
called  Morningside  Avenue.  Hanging  terraces 
and  a  terrace  walk  greatly  enhance  the  beauty 


<i  HEATER  SEW  YnliK 


of  these  grounds.  The  Bast  River,  the  subur- 
ban region  of  Long  [sland,  and  the  wooded 
hills  beyond,  arc  visible  from  that  portion  of  the 
Park  which  is  soon  to  be  converted  into  a  mall. 

At  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  Street,  where 
once  stood  the  Leake  and  W  atts  Orphan  Asylum, 
is  being  erected  the  elaborate  and  costly  Episco- 
pal Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Divine.  The  asy- 
lum now  stands  at  Hawthorne  Avenue,  City 
Line. 

Tin-:  Bloomingdale  Insane  Asylum — a  de- 
partment of  the  New  York  Hospital — is  on  Tenth 
Avenue,  between  One  Hundred  and  Fourteenth 
and  One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  streets.  This 
institution  received  its  title  from  one  of  the 
many  villages  that  were  situated  on  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  Island  before  the  city  absorbed 
them  all.  The  names  of  some  of  these  little 
towns— Manhattanville,  Carmansville  and  Har- 
lem— still  remain  to  designate  their  old  locali- 
ties. The  Teachers'  College  is  situated  at  West 
One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  Street,  near  the 
Boulevard. 

The  Sheltering  Arms,  at  Tenth  Avenue  and 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Street,  takes 
charge  of  homeless  children  I'm-  whom  no  pro- 
vision is  made  in  other  institution-. 


166 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


The  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart  is  situ- 
ated in  beautiful  grounds  above  One  Hundred 
and  Thirtieth  Street,  and  east  of  Tenth  Avenue. 

The  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  is  at  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirty-sixth  Street. 

The  Grange,  the  former  home  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,  still  stands  on  Convent  Avenue,  be- 
tween One  Hundred  and  Forty-second  and  One 
Hundred  and  Forty-third  streets.  The  house, 
which  was  named  from  Hamilton's  ancestral 
home  in  Scotland,  is  well  preserved,  as  is  also 
the  grove  of  thirteen  trees  that  the  proprietor 
set  out  as  symbols  of  the  thirteen  original  States. 
This  planting  was  done  with  much  pomp  and 
ceremony  in  1802,  after  a  banquet  given  for  the 
occasion,  and  with  the  speech-making  and  so- 
lemnity of  prayer  customary  to  the  olden-time 
festivities. 

"  The  Grange  "  was  the  residence  of  the  states- 
man at  the  time  of  his  duel  with  Aaron  Burr,  in 
Weehawken. 

Trinity  Cemetery. — The  burial-ground  for 
Trinity  Church  parishioners,  since  suburban  in- 
terments were  demanded,  has  been  on  either  side 
of  the  Boulevard,  above  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
third  Street.  A  wooden  bridge  over  the  road- 
way connects  the  eastern  with  the  western  por- 


168 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


tion.  The  Astor  and  the  Audubon  vaults  are  in 
this  cemetery,  also  the  vault  of  Madam  Jumel. 

The  death  of  Colonel  Thomas  Knowlton  is 
said  to  have  occurred  in  this  vicinity  in  1776, 
when,  having  been  sent  by  Washington  (who 
was  in  the  Morris  House  at  One  Hundred  and 
Sixty-nrst  Street)  to  learn  the  position  of  the 
enemy,  he  met  the  advance  guard  and  fell  in  the 
battle  which  followed. 

The  former  home  of  Audubon,  the  great  or- 
nithologist, was  directly  north  of  Trinity  Cem- 
etery. Handsome  residences  are  now  attached 
to  the  original  mansion,  but  the  grounds  are  not 
divided  by  fences,  and  the  place  is  very  prop- 
erly named  Audubon  Park. 

The  Morris  House,  ok  Jumel  Mansion.— 
This  is  one  of  the  very  few  colonial  residences 
extant.  It  is  frame,  painted  white,  and  with 
the  traditional  pillars  of  its  time  adding  dignity 
to  its  ripe  old  age.  Overlooking  the  city  and 
the  quiet  waters  of  the  Harlem,  it  stands  on  a 
bluff  at  the  corner  of  St.  Nicholas  Avenue  and 
One  Hundred  and  Sixty-first  Street.  At  first 
the  property  of  Colonel  Roger  Morris,  whose 
wife  in  her  maiden  days  had  been  Washington's 
sweetheart,  it  afterward  became  the  home  of 
Madame  Jumel,  who  was  married  to  Aaron 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1  69 


Burr  in  its  drawing-room  after  the  downfall  of 
that  distinguished  individual.  The  most  inter- 
esting memories  connected  with  the  history  of 
this  mansion  are  of  course  the  events  that  oc- 
curred during  the  time  when  Washington  made 
it  his  headquarters,  while  Howe  occupied  the 
Apthorpe  residence,  three  and  a  half  miles  dis- 
tant. 

Washington  Bridge  was  opened  for  travel 
in  L889.  This  magnificent  structure,  in  which 
sections  of  steel  are  combined  and  keyed  into 
the  central  arches  instead  of  stone,  is  two  thou- 
sand and  tour  hundred  feet  in  length,  eighty 
feet  in  width,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-five 
feet  in  height.  I  ts  cost  of  construction  was  about 
two  million  and  seven  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
From  the  bridge  a  beautiful  view  of  the  valley 
of  the  Harlem  is  obtained.  Elegant  residences 
and  terraced  grounds  border  the  shores  of  the 
river,  which  is  but  a  tidal  channel  connected 
with  the  Hudson  by  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  at 
the  north  of  Manhattan  Island.  Through  this 
section  of  the  country  legends  innumerable 
abound,  many  of  them  having  been  immortal- 
ized by  Irving.  The  queer  nana'  of  the  little 
creek  recalls  one  of  these.  Antony  Corlear,  on 
a  stormy  night,  attempted  to  swim  through  the 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


171 


water  f  rom  the  island  to  the  mainland,  declar- 
ing that  he  would  cross  the  current  "  in  spyl 
den  Duyvil  "  (in  spite  of  the  devil). 

TheNew  Viaduct  and  IIaklkm  Kivek  Bridge. 
— One  of  the  most  remarkable  feats  of  engineer- 
ing on  record  is  the  great  Earlem  Span  the 
New  York  Central's  four-track  drawbridge  that 
will  cost  when  finished  over  $3,000,000. 

Going  south,  at  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
ninth  Street,  the  tracks  of  the  New  York  I  Jentral 
begin  to  rise  gradually,  and  at  One  Hundred 
and  Thirty-fifth  Street  they  cross  the  Harlem 
River  on  the  new  four-track  steel  drawbridge,  at 
an  elevation  of  twenty-four  feet  above  high  tide. 

This  massive  structure  is  remarkable  in  being 
the  first  four-track  drawbridge  ever  constructed, 
and  is  the  largest  bridge  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  It  is  400  feet  long  and  weighs  2,500 
tons.  The  drawbridge  is  fifty-eight  feet  six 
inches  wide  from  centre  to  centre  of  outside  trus- 
ses, and  is  carried  on  three  very  heavy  trusses. 
Between  the  central  and  each  of  the  two  side 
trusses  is  a  (dear  space  of  twenty-six  feet,  which 
permits  the  passage  of  two  sets  of  double  tracks. 

Steel  Tie  Plates. — The  Boor  is  corrugated,  and  tlio  rails  are 

bolted  to  it  on  steel  tie  plates.  The  trusses  of  tlie  drawbridge  span 
are  sixty-four  feet  lii<rli  in  the  cent  re  and  twenty  live  feet  high  at 


172 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


each  end.  At  the  highest  part  of  these  trusses  is  situated  the  en- 
gine house,  which  contains  two  oscillating  double-cylinder  engines, 
which  turn  the  draw  and  can  be  worked  together  or  separately,  so 
that  if  one  should  break  down  at  any  time  the  other  can  do  the 
work. 

From  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  Street  south,  the  four  new 
tracks  run  over  the  steel  viaduct  to  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street, 
and  thence  by  the  stone  viaduct  to  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Street, 
where  they  strike  the  level  of  the  present  four-track  line. 
!  The  work  of  building  this  massive  structure  began  Sept.  i,  1893, 
and  has  continued  until  now,  and  will  cost  when  completed  con- 
siderably more  than  $3,000,000.  The  completion  of  the  new  work 
will  permit  the  opening  of  all  cross  streets  under  the  railway,  and 
so  admit  a  perfectly  free  passage  for  street  traffic. 

One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  Street,  which  has  become  a  great 
thoroughfare,  will  be  entirely  free,  as  the  trains  which  heretofore 
crossed  it  at  grade  will  pass  over  it  at  an  elevation  that  will  allow 
street-cars  and  all  traffic  perfect  freedom.  At  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-fifth  Street  the  tracks  will  cross  the  street  fourteen  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  street,  and  at  this  point  a  magnificent  pas- 
senger station  is  to  be  built,  extending  from  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty -fifth  Street  to  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- sixth  Street, 
under  the  four-track  viaduct. 

Far  Reaching  Value. — This  improvement  will  be  of  immense 
value  to  the  entire  State — in  fact,  to  the  whole  country — as  the 
bridge,  being  so  high  above  the  water,  will  never  have  to  be 
opened,  except  when  large  steamers  or  vessels  with  masts  are  to 
pass  through.  All  tugs,  canal  boats,  barges,  etc. ,  will  have  ample 
room  to  go  under  the  bridge  while  it  is  closed. 

The  Harlem  River,  having  been  declared  by  Congress  a  ship 
canal,  the  Secretary  of  War  has  issued  orders  that  all  tugs  and 
barges  shall  joint  their  smoke-stacks  and  flagpoles,  to  enable  them 
to  pass  under  the  bridge  while  it  is  closed.  He  has  also  ordered 
that  the  bridge  shall  not  be  opened  betweeu  the  hours  of  7  and  10 
o'clock  in  the  morning  and  4  and  7  in  the  afternoon,  except  for 
police,  fire  or  Government  vessels,  the  hours  named  covering  the 
great  business  traffic  in  and  out  of  the  city,  the  importaut  through 
trains  as  well  as  the  principal  suburban  trains  arriving  and  depart- 


<!  HEATH  11  A'A'ir  YoliK. 


ing  during  those  hours.  This  will  avoid  delays,  which  have  been, 
at  times,  very  annoying,  and  permit  of  much  faster  service  than 
could  have  been  maintained  under  the  old  arrangements,  and,  as 
speed  is  one  of  the  principal  factors  in  travel  in  this  age,  this  tea 
ture  will  prove  an  important  one. 

The  bridge  was  erected  by  the  King  Bridge  Company  of  Cleve- 
land, and  was  designed  by  Chief  Kngineer  Katte.  The  metal  work 
cost  $300,000,  including  the  engine  house  and  machinery. 

The  draw  span  was  begun  August  1,  189").  The  entire  work 
was  finished  June  26,  189G,  ample  time  being  taken  by  the  cod 
tractors,  because  of  the  delay  in  the  work  on  the  viaduct. 

The  work  of  replacing  the  old  stone  viaduct  in  the  centre  of  the 
avenue  with  the  new  steel  structure,  began  with  the  heightening  "t 
the  old  viaduct  from  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Street  in  May.  is'.):;, 
the  contractors  for  the  steel  work  being  the  Elmira  Bridge  Com- 
pany and  the  New  Jersey  Iron  and  Steel  Company.  The  Steel 
work  extends  from  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  Street  to  the  river, 
the  total  length  being  5,840  feet,  divided  into  four  sections.  The 
New  Jersey  company  erected  section  No.  3,  extending  from  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-third  to  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-seventh 
Street,  a  distance  of  1,009  feet. 

The  total  steel  structure  south  of  the  bridge  weighs  19,000  ton--. 
It  represents  the  most  advanced  type  of  modern  bridge  building, 
and  no  similar  work  exists.  Not  only  is  it  heavy  beyond  any  work 
of  its  kind,  but  the  steel  is  of  a  specially  fine  quality,  and  was  made 
from  the  ore  and  specially  rolled  for  this  work. 

The  work  proceeded  night  and  day,  while  400  trains  passed 
daily  under  the  growing  structure,  but  not  a  train  was  delayed 
because  of  the  work,  nor  was  there  an  accident  of  any  kind. 

View  from  Train.— Quite  a  number  of  the  great  improve- 
ments which  have  recently  been  made  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
city  can  be  seen  from  the  trains  as  they  pass  over  the  new  viaduct. 
Among  them  are  Grant's  Tomb,  St.  Luke  s  Hospital  and  the  build- 
ings of  Barnard  College  and  Columbia  College,  on  Morningside 
Heights,  and  very  soon  the  grand  structure  of  the  Cathedral  of  St. 
John  the  Divine  will  be  observed.  Further  north,  and  on  tin;  west  side 
of  the  Harlem  River,  the  now  famous  speedway  is  under  construe 
tionand  approaching  completion;  the  magnificent  High  Bridge, 


CHEATER   SEW  YORK. 


Washington  Bridge,  McCoinb's  Dam  Bridge  and  the  viaduet  lead- 
ing to  it  from  the  north,  are  works  of  art  as  well  as  of  great  utility, 
under  which  the  trains  pass,  and  on  the  right  may  be  seen  the 
buildings  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  Webb's 
Sailors'  Home,  and  hundreds  of  other  new  buildings  of  less  im- 
portance. North  of  the  Harlem  River,  on  the  Harlem  Division,  is 
Bronx  Park,  which  is  to  contain  the  great  Botanical  Gardens  and 
Zoological  Gardens  of  Greater  New  York,  and  within  a  few  years 
this  portion  of  the  city  will  offer  attractions  which  will  be  unsur- 
passed in  their  character  by  any  city  in  the  world. 

Greater  New  York,  which  is  nineteen  miles  wide  by  thirty-three 
miles  long,  certainly  offers  to  the  tourist  and  seeker  after  knowl- 
edge or  pleasure  more  inducements  than  any  other  American  city, 
and  few  cities  in  Europe  can  equal  it. 

I  Ik;  ii  Bridge,  which  crosses  the  Harlem  a 
little  further  south,  supports  an  aqueduct  tor 
the  waters  of  the  ( Jroton  River.  This  stone  struc- 
ture is  built  with  thirteen  arches  that  rest  on 
solid  granite  piers.  Tin-  Length  of  the  bridge  is 
one  thousand  four  hundred  and  sixty  feet,  and 
the  crown  of  the  highest  arch  is  one  hundred 
and  sixteen  feet  above  the  river's  surface.  Pedes- 
trians only  can  cross  the  bridge. 

McComb's  Dam.  or  Central  Bridge,  is  located 
near  tin*  plain  where  the  last  generation  of  turf- 
men were  accustomed  to  speed  their  horses. 
The  return  trip  is  over  Riverside  Drive.  (See 
map.) 

Riverside  Park  consists  mainly  of  a  three- 
mile  drive   following  the   brow  of  the  Hudson 


176 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


River  bluff,  from  the  meadows  at  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-seventh  Street,  formerly  known  as 
••  Matje  Davits'  Fly,"  to  Seventy-second  Street. 
E leg-ant  residences  adorn  the  eastern  side  of 
Riverside  Avenue,  and  a  good  deal  has  already 
been  done  to  beautify  the  park.  At  the  right 
of  the  drive,  where  the  ground  slopes  gently  to 
the  water's  edge,  grassplots  and  groves  of  shade- 
trees  afford  pleasant  opportunities  for  a  ramble. 

Claremont. — At  the  beginning  of  Riverside 
Drive,  a  restaurant  now  stands  on  the  height 
which  was  once  crowned  by  a  stately  private 
residence  known  as  Claremont,  and  occupied 
successively  by  Lord  Churchill,  Viscount  Cour- 
tenay  (afterward  Earl  of  Devon),  and  Joseph 
Bonaparte,  known  as  Comte  de  Survilliers. 

Tile  Tomb  of  General  Grant. — In  the  midst 
of  this  daily  pageant  of  fashion,  lie  the  remains 
of  the  great  commander,  General  Ulysses  S. 
( i  rant.  After  impressive  ceremonies  and  amidst 
a  vast  concourse  of  people,  the  body  of  this  hero 
was  laid  to  rest.  August  8,  1885,  in  the  un- 
pretentious vault  which  is  placed  at  the  east  of 
the  drive,  in  that  portion  of  the  Park  called 
Claremont  Heights.  A  stately  monumental 
structure  adds  dignity  to  this  spot  in  keeping 
with  its  national  and  historical  interest. 


m  UKANT  TOMU 


178 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Work  was  begun  on  this  tomb  April  27,  1891; 
that  day  was  chosen  because  it  was  the  anniver- 
sary of  General  Grant's  birth.  The  corner-stone 
was  laid  on  April  27,  1892.  The  tomb  was 
dedicated,  with  most  elaborate  ceremonies,  on 
April  27,  1897,  in  the  presence  of  President 
McKinley,  Yice-president  Hobart,  the  Cabinet, 
and  foreign  Diplomatic  Corps,  and  the  largest 
gathering  of  people  ever  witnessed  in  this  coun- 
try. The  monument  covers  a  square  of  one  hun- 
dred feet,  exclusive  of  the  steps  and  projections. 
The  height  is  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  from 
the  base  line.  This  spot  may  be  reached  by  Park 
carriages  from  Central  Park  via  Seventy-second 
Street  and  Riverside  Drive,  or  by  the  Boulevard 
and  Forty-second  Street  line.  The  crosstown 
cars  in  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  Street 
run  within  walking  distance  of  it. 

The  Statue  of  Washington,  a  copy  of  Hou- 
don's  work — the  one  ornament  of  the  kind  yet 
placed  in  the  Park — was  a  gift  from  the  children 
of  the  public  schools. 

The  residence  of  the  late  General  Sherman 
was  in  West  Seventy-third  Street,  at  No.  67. 

The  Legislature  has  passed  an  act  appropriat- 
ing two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  for 
the  erection  of  a  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  monu- 


GREATER  \K\V  YORK.  L79 

ment  within  the  city  limits.  There  has  been  a 
disagreement  as  to  where  it  should  be  placed. 
Some  have  contended  that  it  ought  to  be  at  the 
Plaza,  Fifty-ninth  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue.  Bui 
of  late  certain  officers  of  the  Xavv  have  taken  an 
interest  in  the  matter,  and  contend  that  unless  it 
is  put  somewhere  upon  the  water-front  the  pro- 
posed monument  cannot  he  seen  by  their  branch 
of  the  service.  And,  furthermore,  they  claim 
that  it  ought  to  be  placed  at  the  lower  end  of 
Riverside  Park,  at  Seventy-second  Street.  Then, 
with  General  U.  S.  Grant's  tomb,  at  the  northern 
end  of  the  drive  or  park,  and  the  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Monument  at  the  southern  end,  both 
branches  of  the  service  will  he  duly  represented 
in  places  where4  the  memorial  can  be  seen  by 
soldiers  or  sailors,  whether  on  land  or  water. 

Take  dinner  at  Hotel  Majestic,  corner  of 
Seventy-second  Street  and  Central  Park  west. 


CHAPTER  IX. 


THE  FIFTH  MORNING. 

At  0  o'clock  the  party  is  supposed  to  meet  in 
the  Zoological  Gardens  of  Central  Park,  corner 
of  Sixty-fourth  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue.  One 
whole  day  will  be  devoted  to  this  beautiful 
breathing-spot. 

Central  Park,  now  the  pride  of  the  city,  was 
a,  region  of  rock  and  swamp,  but  a  comparatively 
short  time  ago,  over  which  roamed  at  pleasure, 
the  pigs,  goats  and  chickens  that  belonged  to 
the  "  squatters,"  whose  shanties  were  perched 
on  the  hillsides  or  clustered  in  the  hollows. 

The  establishment  of  the  Park,  which  was  ef- 
fected in  1855,  was  greatly  due  to  the  untiring 
efforts  of  the  Honorable  DeWitt  C.  Littlejohn, 
then  speaker  of  the  Assembly  at  Albany. 

The  value  of  the  land  appropriated  to  this  pur- 
pose was  estimated  by  the  commissioners  to  be 
about  five  million  and  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars  ;  this  amount  to  be  paid  partly  by  assess- 
ments on  adjoining  property  benefited,  and  part- 

180 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


1*1 


lv  by  the  creation  of  ;i  city-stock,  called  "The 
Central  Park  Fund,"  for  the  payment  of  which 
stock  the  lands  of  the  Park  should  be  pledged. 

The  cost  of  improving  the  grounds  was  pro- 
vided for  in  the  year  1857  by  placing  the  man- 
agement ;ind  control  of  the  property  under  a 
Board  of  Commissioners,  and  requiring  the  cor- 


OLD  RQrATTER  SETTLEMENT  ON  TOT  CKNTRAI.  PARK  SITE. 

poration  to  create  a  public  stock  to  be  denomi- 
nated " The  Centra]  Park  [mprovement  Fund,15 
in  sudi  sums  as  should  be  required  by  the  com- 
missioners— the  interest  on  the  stock  to  be  paid 
by  a  genera]  tax,  which  was  not  to  exceed  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars  annually. 

The  Park,  which  now  comprises  about  nine 


182 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


hundred  acres,  is  situated  very  nearly  in  the 
geographical  centre  of  the  Island,  and  is  in  all 
respects  well  adapted  to  the  recreative  wants  of 
both  the  rich  and  the  poor.  Pedestrians  roam 
at  pleasure  over  thirty  miles  of  walks — some 
fashionable  and  much  frequented,  others  retired 
and  quiet.  Riders  on  horseback  join  the  throng 
on  the  carriage  roads,  or  confine  their  peregrina- 
tions to  bridle-paths  on  which  no  vehicle  will  be 
admitted.  For  carriages  there  are  over  nine 
miles  of  broad,  well-made  roadway,  affording  in 
its  course  a  view  of  nearly  every  object  of  in- 
terest, but  nowhere  crossing  on  the  same  level  a 
foot-path  of  importance,  or  any  portion  of  the 
bridle-road. 

The  Main  Entrance  to  the  Park  is  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-ninth  Street. 

The  Zoological  Gardens. — In  and  about  the 
old  arsenal,  a  castellated  gray  brick  building, 
situated  at  the  Sixty-fourth  Street  and  Fifth 
Avenue  entrance,  is  located  the  menagerie,  or 
Zoological  Garden. 

The  Statues  of  Thomas  Moore  and  Alexan- 
der von  Humboldt  are  on  the  banks  of  the  pond, 
not  far  from  the  main  entrance.  The  former  was 
modeled  by  Dennis  B.  Sheehan  and  given  to  the 
city  by  the  Moore  Memorial   Committee  ;  the 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


183 


hitter  wjis  modeled  by  Gustave  Blaeser  and  pre- 
sented to  the  city  by  German  residents,  on  the 
one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the 
distinguished  savant,  September  14,  L869.  At 
the  unveiling  of  this  statue.  Professor  Louis 
Agassiz  delivered  a  memorable  address. 

The  Children's  Shelter,  with  a  dairy  and 
an  abundance  of  benches,  seats,  tables  and 
swings,  is  passed  on  the  way  to 

Tin-:  Mall.— This  prominent  feature  of  the 
Park  is  reached  from  the  Zoological  Garden  l>\ 
passing  under  the  marble  archway,  a  structure 
noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  architectural  design. 
The  Mall  itself  is  a  broad  promenade,  one-third 
of  a  mile  in  length,  ornamented  on  either  side 
by  rows  of  stately  American  elms,  and  termi- 
nating at  the  north  in  a  richly  decorated  water- 
terrace  and  fountain. 

The  two  exceedingly  fine  pieces  of  statuary 
—  Shakespeare,    and    the    '   Indian    Bunter " 
that  stand  on  the  vestibule  lawn  at  the  southern 
appoach  to  the  Mall,  were  executed  by  -I.  Q.  A. 

Ward.  A  bronze  casting  of  "  Eagles  and  Goat/' 
by  Fratin,  stands  a  little  to  the  east.  The  other 
pieces,  placed  at  either  side  of  the  promenade, 

are  :  Sir  Walter  Scott,  a  copy  of  the  original 
statue  in  Edinburgh,  by  John  Steele  ;  Robert 


184 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Burns,  by  the  same  artist  ;  Fitz-Greene  Halleck, 
by  Wilson  MacDonald,  and  a  bust  of  Beethoven 
on  xi  granite  pedestal  near  the  music-stand. 
Concerts  that  are  listened  to  by  vast  numbers  of 
people  are  here  provided  for  Saturday  after- 
noons in  the  summer. 

The  Terrace  and  Esplanade  that  border  the 
lake  at  the  north  of  the  Mall,  form  the  principal 
architectural  feature  of  the  Park.  Three  stair- 
ways lead  to  the  Esplanade,  the  central  one  being 
under  the  road  and  terminating'  in  an  arched 
hall,  decorated  with  tiles.  The  railing  and  stair- 
ways are  constructed  of  light  brown  sandstone, 
with  panels  elaborately  sculptured  in  great 
variety  of  intricate  design.  Especially  rich  in 
pattern  and  execution  are  the  carvings  of  birds 
and  animals,  flowers  and  fruit,  with  which  the 
noble  ramps  of  the  side  stairways  are  decorated. 

Bethesda  Fountain. — Hovering  above  the 
upper  basin,  with  wings  outstretched,  as  if  just 
alighting  on  the  massive  rock  at  its  feet,  the 
figure  of  an  angel,  who  seems  to  be  blessing  the 
waters  of  the  fountain,  is  in  the  Esplanade  be- 
tween the  Terrace  and  the  Lake.  Four  smaller 
figures,  emblematic  of  the  blessings  of  temper- 
ance, purity,  health  and  peace,  support  the  up- 
per basin,  and  are  slightly  veiled  by  the  water 


186 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


which  falls  from  above  into  the  ample  pond  at 
their  feet.  This  work  of  art  was  designed  and 
executed  by  Miss  Emma  Stebbins  of  New  York. 

The  Lake,  a  handsome,  irregular  pond,  con- 
taining nearly  twenty  acres  of  water,  is  seen  to 
the  best  advantage  from  the  Terrace.  In  the 
summer  time  gondolas  and  pleasure-boats  of 
every  description  sail  its  waters,  while  the  win- 
ter months  bring  to  it  the  gaiety  of  skaters.  For 
a  row  about  the  lake  the  fare  is  ten  cents,  but 
by  the  hour,  the  charge  is  thirty  cents  for  one  and 
ten  cents  for  each  additional  person. 

The  Casino. — Close  by  the  carriage  concourse 
at  the  northern  end  of  the  Mall,  and  east  of  the 
Terrace,  is  a  pretty  stone  cottage,  containing  an 
excellent  r e s tau  rant . 

The  Ramble,  a  rocky  hill  rising  from  the 
northern  side  of  the  Lake,  has  been  transformed 
into  country  freshness  and  beauty  by  trees,  of 
which  there  are  :  the  ash,  the  elm,  the  lime  and 
the  beech,  with  almost  all  of  the  conifera3— 
pines,  firs,  spruces,  and  hemlocks — and  by  com- 
mon wild  flowers  that  blossom  here  abundantly. 
Wild  birds  build  and  breed  freely,  while  swans, 
d  neks  and  cranes  swim  the  streams  of  this  se- 
questered grove,  which  bears  within  its  solitudes 
the  charms  ofwildness  and  unmolested  freedom. 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


Schiller.— On  ;i  sandstone  pedestal,  amid  all 
this  beauty,  stands  a  bronze  bust  of  the  poet,  a 
work  of  art  modeled  by  C.  L.  Richter,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  city  by  German  residents  in  L859. 

The  Park  Phaeton.  —At  the  Terrace  it  will 
be  desirable  to  take  one  of  the  carriages  provided 
by  the  commissioners  for  the  purpose  of  convey- 
ing passengers  over  the  entire  Park  lor  the  mod- 
erate fee  of  twenty-five  cents  each.  Three  times 
during  the  route  an  opportunity  will  be  given 
to  stop  and  examine  places  of  special  interest  : 
the  Museum  of  Natural  History,  McGowan's 
Pass  Tavern,  and  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art.  By  retaining  the  tickets  provided  at  start- 
ing, passengers  may  remain  at  their  leisure  in 
any  of  these  places,  as  the  phaetons  are  passing 
and  will  stop  on  signal. 

The  " Tigress  and  Young." — At  the  right  of 

the  road,  just  west  of  the  Terrace,  stands  this  fine 
group  in  bronze,  modeled  by  Augustus  Caine. 
"  The  Falconer,"  a  figure  of  exquisite  grace, 
executed  l>v  George  Simonds,  stands  on  a  bluff 
at  the  left,  near  the  Seventy-second  Street  en- 
trance. 

The  Statue  of  Daniel  Webster,  by  Thomas 
Ball,  stands  on  a  high  pedestal  at  the  junction 
of  the  west  drive  and  the  Sevent  \  '-second  Street 


188 


'GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


entrance.  Handsome  hotels  and  flats  line  the 
street  at  the  left  of  the  Park.  Within  the  last 
few  years  apartment  houses  have  multiplied  to 
such  a  remarkable  extent,  that  this  mode  of  liv- 
ing- seems  destined  to  become  as  common  in  New 
York  City  as  it  is  in  Paris  or  Vienna. 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
which  was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  in 
1869,  held  its  first  exhibition  in  the  arsenal,  when 
the  Yerreaux  Collection  of  natural  history  speci- 
mens, the  Elliot  Collection  of  North  American 
birds,  and  the  entire  museum  of  Prince  Maximi- 
lian of  Neuwied,  were  displayed. 

It  was  not  until  June,  1874,  that  the  corner- 
stone of  the  present  building — -situated  in  Man- 
hattan Square,  between  Eighth  and  Ninth  ave- 
nues and  Seventy-seventh  and  Eighty-first  streets, 
and  connected  with  the  Park  by  a  bridge — was 
laid  by  General  Grant.  New  portions  have  re- 
cently been  added,  which  are  so  rich  in  material 
as  greatly  to  strengthen  the  effect  of  the  archi- 
tectural design — a  not  very  pronounced  tendency 
to  the  Romanesque.  These  buildings  form  only 
a  few  of  the  many  that  are  to  be  erected  as  the 
collections  require  them  and  the  liberality  of  the 
State  allows. 

The  current  expenses  of  this  institution  are 


GREATER  XEW  YORE 


paid  by  the  city,  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  pri- 
vate subscription.  The  Park  Department,  ;is  the 
representative  of  the  city  and  State,  provides  the 
grounds  and  buildings  and  keeps  them  in  repair, 
the  trustees  in  return  furnishing  the  exhibits, 
and  <>]>enin<r  the  Museum  to  the  public,  free  of 


Prom  h  I'Ute  prrsenteil  by  « lie  Museum. 

THE  AMERICAN  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY. 


charge,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  Friday,  Satur- 
day and  Sunday  of  each  week,  from  9  o'clock 
until  5  o'clock,  and  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday 
evenings  until  10  o  clock. 

Allow  over  an  hour  for  your  visit  to  this 


1U0 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Museum.  The  main  features  are  the  Hall  of  Mar- 
bles and  Oriental  Building  Stones,  the  large  Lec- 
ture Hall  which  opens  from  this  Hall  of  Marbles, 
the  Jesup  Collection  of  Woods  on 'the  same  floor, 
the  Higher  Forms  of  Animal  Life  on  the  second 
floor,  the  Seal  Collection,  the  Buffalo  Case,  the 
Hall  of  Birds,  the  Collection  of  Monkeys,  the 
I  department  of  Fishes  and  Reptiles,  a  Collection  of 
Butterflies  and  Moths,  the  Mineralogical  Collec- 
tion, the  Paleontological  Collection,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Ethnology  and  Archaeology,  Models  of 
the  Cliff  Dwellings,  and  the  Library  and  Read- 
ing-room. 

From  the  carriage-road,  the  Lake,  the  Ramble, 
and  the  Belvedere — a  stone  lookout  tower, 
erected  on  the  highest  knoll  in  the  Park — are  the 
first  objects  of  interest  after  leaving  the  Museum. 
Be  sure  when  hailing  the  phaeton  that  you  get 
one  going  toward  the  Receiving-Reservoir,  and 
not  one  that  will  take  you  out  of  the  Park. 

The  Receiving-Reservoir  of  the  Croton 
Water  Works  next  comes  into  view,  at  the  right 
of  the  drive.  This  receptacle  has  a  capacity  of 
one  hundred  million  gallons.  The  retaining-res- 
crvoir.  a  little  further  north,  holds  one  billion 
and  thirty  million  gallons.  The  water  supply  of 
the  city  is  drawn  from  the  Croton  River,  a  stream 


(niEATEll  XK  W  YORK. 


191 


in  Westchester  County,  and  from  a  numberof 
lakes  in  the  vicinity  of  its  sources. 

The  Equestrian  Statue  of  General  Simon 
Bolivar,  on  an  elevation  at  the  left,  was  a  gift 
from  the  government  and  people  of  Venezuela. 
This  work  was  executed  by  K.  De  la  Cora. 

The  Drive  now  leads  through  the  wild  beauty 
of  woody  hills  and  rocky  slopes  at  the  north  oi  the 
Park  until  the  second  station  is  reached  —formerly 
known  as  Mount  St.  Vincent,  hut  now  called 
McGowan's  Pass  Tavern.  From  the  porch  of 
this  attractive  restaurant  the  eye  rests,  in  the 
summer  season,  on  brilliant  flower-beds  filled 
with  the  choicest  plants.  Far  beyond  are  spread 
the  waters  of  the  East  and  Harlem  rivers,  in 
which  the  islands  and  buildings  on  them  may 
he  easily  identified.  A  more  charming  spot  can 
hardly  be  imagined  for  the  nuns  who.  according 
to  tradition,  lived  here  previous  to  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

Here  you  can  be  provided  with  luncheon,  and 
can  prepare  for  the  afternoon  to  be  spent  in  the 
same  Park. 


CHAPTER  X. 


THE  FIFTH  AFTERNOON. 

Historical  Sites. — After  the  lunch,  hail  the 
phaeton  for  another  long  drive,  and  be  sure  to 
get  the  phaeton  going  in  the  right  direction  and 
not  one  that  will  take  you  back  over  the  same 
ground  that  you  traversed  in  the  morning. 
McGowan's  Pass,  formerly  a  circuitous  portion 
of  the  old  Boston  Road  and  now  a  park-highway 
in  front  of  the  Tavern,  was  the  scene  of  an  attack 
by  the  British  at  the  time  of  the  retreat  of  Put- 
nam's column  to  Harlem  Heights.  A  success- 
ful resistance  was  made  by  Sillimari  with  the 
aid  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  who,  witli  his  can- 
non, had  guarded  the  rear  of  the  column  dur- 
ing the  whole  of  its  dangerous  march  from 
Bleecker  Street,  the  British  extending  their 
lines  from  that  street  to  the  Hudson  and  East 
rivers  just  after  the  American  army  had  passed. 
Remains  of  the  extensive  breastworks,  subse- 
quently erected  by  the  British,  are  still  visible 
near  the  elevation  on  which  the  Tavern  stands ; 

193 


CHEAT  Ell  SEW  YORK. 


iind  at  the  north,  on  a  low  bluff,  once  called 
Port  Fish,  ;m  old  cannon,  a  mortar,  and  a  shell 
are  still  preserved  as  relics  of  this  time. 

Tiiio  Block  Eouse. — This  fortification  to  which 
visitors  must  be  directed  by  a  Park-policeman, 
was  built  by  the  Americans,  but  was  afterward 
improved  and  occupied  by  the  English  during 
Revolutionary  times.     Another  tradition  clings 


THE  OLD  FORT  FISH  AT  M'liOWAS's  PASS. 


to  the  flag-staff  on  the  summit.  It  is  popularly 
called  "  Old  Hickory. "  because  General  Jackson, 
who  bore  that  soubriquet,  is  said  to  have  once 
been  its  owner. 

The  vista  from  this  point  is  exceptionally  fine. 
At  the  north  and  west  the  Palisades,  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  Asylum,  the  private  mansions  overlook- 


194 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


ing  the  Hudson,  the  lofty  and  winding  elevated 
railroad,  the  ornamental  stairways  and  battle- 
ments that  constitute  the  first  improvements  of 
Morningside  Park,  Mount  Morris  Park,  and 
further  on  Fort  Washington  —  the  strongest 
breastwork  thrown  up  by  the  Americans  during 
the  Revolution — are  the  various  objects  of  in- 
terest presented. 

The  site  of  the  camp-fires  of  various  regiments, 
at  different  times  in  possession  here,  is  a  little  to 
the  left  of  this  fort. 

After  leaving  the  Tavern  the  phaeton  passes 
over  the  east  drive  which  for  some  distance  pos- 
sesses no  objects  of  special  interest,  except  the 
entrance  to  the  reservoir — a  sort  of  gate-house 
built  of  granite. 

The  Statue  of  Alexander  Hamilton. — This 
work,  by  Charles  Conradts,  was  presented  to  the 
city  in  1880  by  the  son  of  the  illustrious  states- 
man. A  monument  to  Hamilton  was  once 
erected  in  Weehawken,  the  place  where  he  fought 
the  duel  with  Burr  ;  but  the  locality  became 
the  scene  of  such  frequent  duels  that  the  gen- 
tleman who  raised  the  statue  caused  it  to  be 
broken  into  fragments.  Another  fine  statue  of 
this  celebrated  individual  was  placed  in  the 
Stock  Exchange  in  Wall  Street,  but  the  falling 


GREATER  KEW  YORK 


in  of  the  roof  at  the  time  of  the  great  fire  of 
1 835,  crushed  it  to  atoms. 

The  Obelisk. — East  of  the  drive  and  oppo- 
site the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  stands  a 
relic  that  antedates  the  birth  of  Christ  by  many 
centuries.  This  monolith,  which  was  gazed 
upon  by  Moses,  was  one  of  two  erected  for  the 
Temple  of  On  by  Thutmes  III.  of  Egypt,  as  a 
thank-ottering  for  his  victories.  The  hiero- 
glyphic inscriptions  mostly  are  commemorative 
of  that  grreat  monarch,  although  the  names  and 
titles  of  Rameses  II.  and  of  Usorkon  I.  also  ap- 
pear. The  Obelisk  was  presented  to  the  city  in 
1877  by  the  late  Khedive  of  Egypt.  Ismail 
Pasha,  the  expense  of  its  removal,  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  having  been  borne  by  William 
II.  Vanderbilt.  The  site  from  which  it  was 
eventually  taken  was  near  Alexandria,  it  having 
been  placed  in  front  of  the  Cassarium,  in  the 
time  of  Augustus  Csesar.  Its  companion  now 
stands  in  London. 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. — Leave 
the  phaeton  at  the  Museum,  and  allow  the  re- 
mainder of  the  afternoon  for  seeing  the  wonder- 
ful exhibits  in  this  place. 

In  November,  1869,  at  a  public  meeting  held 
in  the   Aeademv  of  Music,  a  committee,  com- 


0 BEATER  NEW  YORK. 


197 


posed  of  fifty  gentlemen,  was  formed  to  draft  ;i 
plan  of  organization  for  the  purpose  of  founding 
an  institute,  the  object  of  which  should  be  the 
art  culture  of  the  people  of  New  York  City.  In 
1870  the  Legislature  granted  this  committee, 
which  was  then  increased  to  over  twice  the  orig- 
inal number,  a  charter  *"  for  the  purpose  of  es- 
tablishing a  museum  and  library  of  art  ;  of  en- 
couraging and  developing  the  study  of  the  fine 
arts  ;  of  the  application  of  art  to  manufactures 
and  to  practical  life;  of  advancing  the  general 
knowledge  of  kindred  subjects  ;  and  to  that  end, 
of  furnishing  popular  instruction  and  recreation." 
The  Museum  is  controlled  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  elected  by  the  members  of  the  corpora- 
tion, who  are  such  for  life.  The  officers  elected  % 
annually  by  the  corporation  are  ex-officio  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  as  are  also  the 
president  of  the  Department  of  Public  Parks, 
the  comptroller  of  the  city  of  N"ew  York,  and 
the  president  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 

The  growth  of  this  institution  has  no  parallel, 
even  in  countries  where  such  effort  is  entirely 
supported  l>v  government  ;  and  as  a  natural 
consequence,  the  current  expenses  continually 

increase.  The  trustees  have  spared  neither  their 
personal  means  nor  their  time  to  meet  the  con- 


198 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


stantly  increasing  demand,  but  it  has  now  be- 
come so  heavy  that  they  are  asking  the  city  to 
assume  the  entire  financial  responsibility  of  the 
annual  outlay,  while  they,  in  return,  will  open 
the  Museum  to  the  public,  free  of  charge  at  all 
times,  and  devote  their  means  to  the  enlarge- 
ment and  perfection  of  the  collection. 

As  at  the  present  time  the  Park  Department 
furnishes  accommodations  for  the  Museum,  and 
contributes  funds  for  its  maintenance,  the 
trustees  admit  the  general  public  on  Wednes- 
days, Thurdavs,  Fridays  and  Saturdays,  from 
10  a.m.  until  one  half-hour  before  sunset  ;  on 
Sunday  from  1  p.m.  until  the  same  hour,  and 
on  Tuesday  and  Saturday  evenings,  from  8  un- 
.til  10  o'clock  ;  besides  this,  art  students  and 
public  school-teachers  and  scholars  are  allowed 
special  privileges.  On  the  remaining  days  an 
admission  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  is  charged. 

The  technical  art  schools  for  designing,  mod- 
eling, carving,  free-hand  and  mechanical  draw- 
ing, that  are  established  in  connection  with  the 
work  of  the  Museum,  add  greatly  to  the  earning 
capacity  of  this  class  of  American  laborers. 

The  Blodgett  Collection  of  pictures,  the  first 
acquisition  of  any  importance,  was  exhibited  in 
a  rented  house  on  Fifth  Avenue,  near  Fifty-third 


URKATKR  XKW  YORK.  199 

Street.  After  the  presentation  of  an  archaeologi- 
cal collection,  consisting  of  over  thirty  thousand 
objects,  gathered  from  the  Island  of  Cyprus  by 
General  J)i  Cesnola,  then  United  States  Consul, 
the  Museum  was  removed  to  a  moj»e  extensive 


From  a  Photograph  preaeuteii  l>y  the  Museum. 

METROPOLITAN  MI'SEl'M  OF  ART. 


mansion  in  Fourteenth  Street.  The  present 
building  has  been  occupied  since  1880.  at  which 
time  it  was  formally  opened  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States.  Like  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  a  series  of  buildings  is  intended.  These 


200 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


now  standing-  are  of  red  brick,  with  granite  fac- 
ings, but  the  architectural  design  is  hard  to 
classify,  not  being  quite  definitely  the  Gothic  or 
Renaissance  that  they  appear  to  illustrate.  Gruide 
books  of  the  Museum  can  be  secured  at  the  door. 

The  success  of  the  Museum,  and  the  superior 
quality  of  the  paintings  which  it  exhibits,  de- 
monstrates the  remarkable  progress  that  our 
country  has  made  in  its  patronage  and  apprecia- 
tion of  art  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  century. 
This  institution  and  the  private  galleries  from 
which  paintings  constantly  are  being  loaned  by 
their  generous  owners,  possess  examples  of  the 
greatest  artists  of  ancient  and  modern  times.  As 
the  general  public  is  permitted  frequent  access 
to  these  potent  agents  of  civilization,  the  stimulus 
necessarily  must  permanently  increase. 

The  Phaeton  to  Fifth  Avenue  Entrance. — 
The  first  object  to  attract  attention  after  leaving 
the  Museum  will  be  the  new  Jewish  Synagogue 
on  Fifth  Avenue,  at  Seventy-sixth  Street.  It  is 
thought  by  some  architects  that  the  beauty  of 
this  edifice,  which  is  classical  Renaissance  in  its 
design,  is  much  impaired  by  the  gilded  frame 
and  black  panels  of  its  dome. 

"  The  Pilgrim/'  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  is  a 
bronze  statue,  well  placed  on  a  rise  of  ground  at 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


the  left  of  the  drive,  but  not  seen  to  advantage 
because  the  phaeton  turns  to  the  right  just  be- 
fore it  is  reached.  This  attractive  statue  was 
a  gift  from  the  New  England  Society. 

A  Statue  of  S.  V.  B.  Morse,  by  Byron  Picket, 
stands  east  of  the  Seventy-second  Street  entrance. 
It  was  ei*ecte(M>y  telegraphers  in  L871. 

The  other  sMtues  in  the  Park,  not  seen  from 
the  phaeton  arft  "Commerce,"  byGuion;  Maz- 
zini,  the  Italian  agitator,  by  Turini,  and  the 
Seventh  Regiment  Monument,  l>v  Ward.  The 
latter  is  a  bronze  figure  of  a  private  soldier  in 
the  Seventh  Regiment,  erected  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  comrades  who  fell  during  the  (1i\  il 
War.  A  Columbus  Monument,  presented  by 
Italian  residents  and  made  in  Italy  to  commemo- 
rate the  four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America,  stands  at  the  Fifty-ninth 
Street  and  Eighth  Avenue  entrance  to  the  Park. 
It  was  unveiled  on  Oct.  L2,  L892.  A  statue  of 
Thorwaldsen,  cast  from  a  mould  made  by  him- 
self, was  erected  in  L894  by  the  Danish  residents 
of  Greater  New  York.  It  is  placed  at  the  Fifty- 
ninth  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue  entrance. 

The  nearest  hotel   is  the   Pomeroy,  cornel'  of 

Fifty-ninth  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue,  where 
dinner  may  be  obtained. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


THE  SIXTH  MORNING.  THE  ISLANDS. 

Liberty,  or  Bedloe's  Island,  on  which  stands 
Bartholdi's  great  statue,  "  Liberty  Enlightening 
the  World,"  is  situated  in.  New  York  Bay,  about 
two  miles  southwest  of  the  Battery.  From  8 
a.m.  until  4  p.m.  boats  leave  hourly  for  this 
destination  from  the  Barge  Office  pier. 

Nine  o'clock  will  find  you  again  at  the  Bat- 
tery, but  this  time  you  take  the  Liberty  boat  to 
go  to  Bedloe's  Island,  which  you  have  hereto- 
fore seen  only  from  a  distance.  You  can  ar- 
range for  the  party  to  meet  at  the  Barge  Office 
— the  pier  is  directly  back  of  it. 

During  the  later  days  of  the  colonial  epoch 
these  thirteen  acres  "of  Bedloe  Island  property 
belonged  to  Captain  Archibald  Kennedy,  then 
Collector  of  the  Port,  whose  summer  residence 
was  situated  in  this  delightful  spot;  but  after 
the  Revolution  a  series  of  transformations  took 
place,  the  State  first  utilizing  it  as  a  quarantine 
station,  and  the  Federal  Government  afterward 


ST  ATI' K  OW  UBBBTT. 


20i 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


converting  it  into  a  military  fortification,  which 
in  turn  gave  way  to  the  statue  that  keeps  watch 
over  our  destinies  at  the  present  time.  The 
star-shaped,  granite  walls  of  Fort  Wood  still  re- 
main, forming  a  rather  ornamental  inclosure  for 
the  pedestal.  As  a  military  post  this  island  has 
been  put  to  practical  service  only  when,  during 
the  Rebellion,  a  number  of  buildings  were 
erected  there  and  used  as  hospitals. 

Many  years  ago,  when  Bartholdi,  the  French 
sculptor,  entered  the  port  of  New  York,  he  was 
so  greatly  impressed  with  the  eagerness  of  the 
immigrants  who  crowded  on  deck  to  obtain  a 
first  glimpse  of  the  land  of  freedom  and  oppor- 
tunity, that  he  conceived  the  idea  of  symbolizing, 
by  a  statue  of  Liberty,  the  welcome  that  for- 
eigners received. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War,  at  a  social  meeting  of  prominent  French- 
men in  Paris — on  which  occasion  Bartholdi  was 
present — that  the  idea  of  presenting  the  statue 
to  America  was  first  advanced  and  received  with 
an  amount  of  enthusiasm  which  insured  the  com- 
pletion of  the  project.  Subsequently  subscrip- 
tions were  received  to  the  extent  of  over  a  mil- 
lion of  francs,  and  the  work  was  finished  and 
conveyed  to  our  shores  in  the  month  of  June, 


(}  HEATER  NEW  Toll  Is. 


205 


1 885,  As  the  sympathy  of  Prance  for  this  coun- 
try demonstrated  itself  by  the  assistance  of  a 
valiant  contingent  in  our  time  of  great  struggle 
for  independence,  so  that  bond  of  interest  again 
found  expression  l>v  a  gift  commemorative  of 
our  success,  and  suggestive  of  the  possibilities 
of  our  future.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  having  been  obtained  for  a  pedestal 
(through  the  efforts  of  Joseph  Pulitzer),  the 
statue  was  unveiled  on  the  28th  of  October, 
L886,  in  the  presence  of  the  President  and  many 
distinguished  guests,  with  imposing  ceremonies, 
elaborate  decorations,  and  the  booming  of  can- 
non. 

This  largest  statue  of  modern  times  is  one 
hundred  and  fifty-one  feet  in  height.  In  one 
hand  "  Liberty  "  holds  a  tablet,  while  with  the 
other  a  torch  is  uplifted.  The  body  is  grace- 
fully draped,  and  the  head  is  surmounted  by  a 
diadem.  The  material  is  hammered  copper.  A 
spiral  stairway  within  the  statue  leads  to  the 
head,  where  forty  persons  can  stand  together 
without  material  inconvenience.  Another  stair- 
way in  the  arm  leads  to  the  torch-chamber.  No 
elevators  are  provided,  and  the  climb  is  very 
trying;  but  the  view  afforded  from  the  top  is 
magnificent.    At  night  the  torch  is  at  times 


206 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


lighted  by  electricity,  and  the  base  and  pedes- 
tal also  are  illuminated.  The  forefinger  of  the 
right  hand  of  the  goddess  is  seven  feet  in 
length,  and  at  the  second  joint  four  feet  in  cir- 
cumference. The  nose  is  over  three  feet  long, 
and  the  statue  weighs  over  twenty-five  tons. 
The  extreme  height  above  low-water  mark  is 
three  hundred  and  six  feet.  The  pedestal,  con- 
structed of  granite  and  concrete,  is  one  hundred 
and  fifty-five  feet  in  height. 

Ellis  Island. — Take  the  boat  back  to  the 
Barge  Office,  and  from  the  same  pier  you  can 
board  a  barge  that  will  take  you  to  Ellis  Island. 
This  little  spot,  once  known  as  Bucking  Island, 
contained,  until  1827,  a  small  circular  fort 
called  Fort  Gibson.  The  five  acres  that  consti- 
tute this  plot  of  ground  belong  to  the  United 
States,  and  have  been  used  as  a  place  of  storage 
for  explosives.  At  the  present  time  govern- 
ment officials  receive  immigrants  in  a  landing 
depot,  which  was  formally  opened  on  New  Year's 
day,  1892.  The  wooden  structure  erected  for 
this  purpose  nearly  covers  the  island,  is  three 
stories  in  height,  and  has  a  tower  at  each  cor- 
ner. The  cost  of  construction  was  almost  half 
a  million  dollars.  The  first  floor  is  devoted 
to  baggage-transfer  and  local  express  offices, 


GREATER  NEW  YORK 


207 


as  well  as  to  the  private  offices  of  the  govern- 
ment express.  At  the  Landing  of  a  ship  the  new- 
comers are  received  on  the  second  floor,  the 

crowd  pouring  o\ci'  the  gang-plank  in  ;i  compact 

mass,  pushing,  jabbering,  gesticulating.  Offi- 
cers  calmly  direct  the  bewildered  strangers  to 
desks,  where  name,  place  of  birth,  age,  occupa- 
tion, and  destination  are  registered.  Everv- 
thing  here  is  so  perfectly  systematized  that 
from  twelve  to  fifteen  thousand  immigrants  can 
be  easily  handled  at  one  time,  twelve  lines  being 
formed,  with  a  registry  clerk  in  attendance  at 
each  line.  From  a  gallery  in  this  room  the  pub- 
lic may  view  the  motley  procession.  On  this  floor 
there  are  also  rooms  for  the  detention  of  pau- 
pers, lunatics,  criminals,  and  persons  suspected 
of  being  eontraet  laborers.  Women  and  chil- 
dren are  provided  with  separate  apartments,  and 
a  telegraph  station,  money  exchange,  postal  sta- 
tion, information  bureau,  and  railroad  and  steam- 
ship office  are  accessible.  The  third  floor  contains 
sleeping-rooms  for  the  accommodation  of  immi- 
grants who  are  detained  over  night.  The  surgeon 
is  the  only  official  who  resides  on  the  island. 

A  ferryboat  continually  plies  between  Ellis 
Island  and  the  Barge  Office,  and  visitors  are 
permitted  at  any  time. 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


200 


The  greatest  number  of  immigrants  landed 
in  New  York  in  one  year  was  lour  hundred  and 
fifty-five  thousand  lour  hundred  and  fifty.  This 
was  in  1883.  The  greatest  number  landed  in 
one  day  was  on  May  11,  1887.  when  nearly  six- 
teen thousand  were  registered.  Of  late  years 
the  immigration  from  Italv  has  far  exceeded 
that  from  any  other  country. 

Governor's  Island. — The  boat  for  Governor's 
Island  lands  in  the  dock  next  the  Ellis  Island 
boats.  They  leave  every  hour,  and  visitors  are 
welcome.  This  egg-shaped  plot  of  ground,  con- 
taining nearly  sixty-five  acres,  is  situated  about 
one  thousand  yards  south  of  the  Battery.  It  was 
first  purchased  from  the  Indians  by  Wouter  Van 
T wilier,  the  second  Dutch  governor  of  New 
York,  that  worthy  personage  whom  Irving  de- 
scribes as  having  weighed  the  books  of  disput- 
ing merchants  to  discover  if  their  accounts  would 
not  balance.  The  Indian  name  of  the  island 
was  "Pagganck,"  or  Nut  Island.  It  was  for 
sonic  time  called  Xutten  Island  ;  but  after  it  be- 
came the  Van  Twiller  residence  it  was  known  as 
Governor's  Island,  and  has  retained  that  appel- 
lative. 

Since  the  War  of  1812,  at  which  time  the  bat- 
teries now  found  <>n  ir  were  erected,  this  prop- 


210 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


erty  has  been  exclusively  under  the  control  of 
the  United  States  War  Department.  It  is  now 
headquarters  for  the  Military  Department  of  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Major-General  and  his  staff  are 
residents.  The  northern  portion  of  the  island  is 
occupied  by  the  Ordnance  Department  as  the 
New  York  Arsenal.  Cannon  balls  are  ranged 
about  it  in  pyramids,  and  on  the  little  wharf  is 
one  of  the  largest  guns  owned  by  the  Govern- 
ment, The  parade-ground  is  adorned  with  fine 
old  shade-trees  and  the  residences  of  officers. 
A  chapel  erected  by  the  widow  of  General  Han- 
cock, the  library  and  picture  gallery  of  the 
Military  Service  Institution,  and  the  Military 
Museum,  which  contains  battle-flags  and  other 
war  relics,  are  interesting  social  features  of  the 
present  occupation.  A  footpath  leads  to  Fort 
Columbus,  the  stone  fortification  in  the  centre 
of  the  island,  now  utilized  as  quarters  for  the 
soldiers.  Castle  William,  an  old-fashioned  stone 
work,  with  three  tiers  of  casemates,  is  located 
on  the  northwestern  shore.  In  the  haste  inci- 
dent to  the  War  of  1812,  even  the  professors  and 
students  from  college  and  school  were  called 
upon  to  assist  in  the  completion  of  this  promi- 
nent fortress.  A  small,  triangular  battery  and 
two  magazines  are  situated  on  the  southern 


(1  It  HA  TKll   SEW  YORK. 


211 


j)oint  of  the  island,  and  everything  is  in  prepa- 
ration fop  the  rapid  throwing  up  of  earthworks 
and  the  mounting  of  heavy  guns,  Castle  William 
being  considered  entirely  too  old-fashioned  to 
withstand  the  fire  from  modern  ships-of-war, 

For  luncheon  to  Delmonico's  down-town 
place,  at  thecorner  of  Beaver  and  William  streets. 
It  is  a  short  walk  up  Broadway  to  Beaver,  and 
along  Beaver  to  the  restaurant. 


CHAPTER  XII. 


THE  SIXTH  AFTERNOON.  A  SAIL  ON  THE  EAST  RIVER. 

After  luncheon  you  are  ready  for  the  trip  to 
Glen  Island,  up  the  East  River  and  the  Sound. 
Go  to  the  Jersey  City  Ferry,  which  is  at  the  foot 
of  Cortland t  Street,  where  is  also  the  dock  for 
the  Glen  Island  boat.  This  was  the  ferry  for 
which  Robert  Fulton  built  the  two  boats,  the 
York  and  the  Jersey  in  1812. 

Every  morning  paper  contains  the  advertised 
sailing  schedule  of  the  Glen  Island  boats,  which 
should  be  carefully  noted. 

After  leaving  its  pier  the  Glen  Island  steamer 
must  first  round  the  Battery,  the  southern  ter- 
minus of  Manhattan  Island.  At  the  west  and 
south  lie  the  Ellis  and  Bedloe  islands,  and  the 
shores  of  New  Jersey,  whereon  the  Jersey  City 
docks  are  more  conspicuous  than  pleasing. 
Robin's  Reef  Lighthouse  is  below  these  on  a 
reef  of  rocks  that  was  once  a  resort  for  seals. 

Staten  Island,  at  the  south,  is  a  richly 
wooded  and  hilly  tract  of  country,  containing 

212 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


215 


about  sixty  square  miles  of  land  thai  are  occu- 
pied chiefly  by  the  villas  of  New  York  business 
men.  A  point  of  the  eastern  shore  forms,  with 
the  western  const  of  Long  Island,  the  Narrows, 
or  entrance  to  New  York  Barbor — a  passage 
protected  by  Fort  Wadsworth  and  a  line  of 
water  batteries  on  the  Staten  Island  side,  and 
by  the  two  forts,  Hamilton  and  Lafayette,  on 
the  opposite  shore. 

Staten  Island  was  purchased  from  the  Indians 
in  1  ()57,  for  ten  shirts,  thirty  pairs  of  stockings, 
ten  guns,  thirty  bars  of  lead,  thirty  pounds  of 
powder,  twelve  coats,  twelve  pieces  of  duffel, 
thirty  hatchets,  twenty  hoes,  and  a  ease  of 
knives. 

New  York  Harbor  is  a  body  of  water  about 
nine  miles  in  length  and  three  miles  in  width. 
Prom  the  ocean  at  Sandy  Hook  to  the  metropo- 
lis at  the  head  of  the  bay  it  is  about  twenty- 
eight  miles.  No  city  in  the  world  has  a  more 
ma  jestic  approach  or  a  more  agreeable  situation. 
The    waters  of  its  harbor  are  deep  enough  to 

float  the  largest  vessels,  and  from  their  contigu- 
ity to  the  ocean  are  never  frozen  in  the  winter. 

Quarantine  Station  is  on  Staten  Island.  Gov- 
ernor's Island  is  separated  from  Long  Island  by 
Buttermilk  Channel,  east  of  which  are  located 


CllEATFAl  SEW  YORK. 


215 


the  docks  and  piers  of  South  Brooklyn.  The 
New  Yorkshore,  for  a  considerable  distance  along 
the  Mast  River,  is  crowded  with  merchant  ships 
from  every  country  as  well  as  with  river  and 
sound  steamers  and  ferryboats,  loaded  with  pas- 
sengers, plying  between  the  two  busy  cities. 

The  Wharfage  Facilities  of  New  York  ex- 
cel those  of  any  city  in  the  world,  and  the  cost  of 
handling  the  cargoes  is  much  less  than  in  Liver- 
pool or  London.  Over  one  hundred  steamers,  be- 
longing to  the  trans-Atlantic  fleet,  ply  between 
NTew  York  and  European  ports. 

The  first  wharf  was  constructed  in  L648, 
when  the  population  of  Xew  York  numbered  less 
than  one  thousand.  In  1(><S7  the  total  shipping 
amounted  tolmtthree  ships  and  fifteen  sloopsand 
harks.  In  1807  Fulton's  steamboat,  theClermont 
made  its  first  trip  to  Albany  in  thirty-two  hours. 
The  first  steamship,  the  Sanniimlt,  crossed  the 
Atlantic  in  1819,  taking  twenty-five  days  ;  the 
usual  time  for  fastclipper-ships  was  from  sixteen 
to  twenty-one  day-. 

By  closely  watching  the  map  you  can  easily 
keep  the  steamer  located,  and  then  by  following 
the  reading-matter  in  the  hook,  the  value  of  the 
trip  will  become  greatly  enhanced  and  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  afternoon  increased  a  hundredfold. 


216 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Jeannette  Park  is  a  small  space  between 
Pearl  Street  and  the  river,  above  Broad  Street 
— formerly  designated  "  Coenties  Slip,"  in  honor 
of  an  influential  Dutch  shoemaker  whose  shop 
once  occupied  a  corner  in  this  locality.  Here 
stood  the  clumsy  stone  tavern,  or  city  hall  of  the 
Dutch  administration.  A  corporation  pier,  erected 
at  this  point  in  1751,  was  the  first  public  improve- 


ment for  which  money  was  borrowed,  the  bond 
given  bearing  an  interest  of  six  per  cent. 

The  water  front  from  the  Patter}-  to  Fulton 
Street  is  artificially-made  ground,  the  natural 
riverside  having  been  at  Pearl  Street,  along 
which  the  little  village  of  New  Amsterdam  first 
extended  itself.  This  was  a  favorite  locality  for 
markets,  the  old  l*  Fl\  Market "  having  been  the 
most  celebrated.   The  Dutch  word  vly,  meaning 


(i  UK  A  TEH  XEW  YORK 


'1  I  7 


valley,  was  the  original  appellation.  Near  Fulton 
Street  the  first  ferry  to  Long  Island  was  estab- 
lished in  1638.  Heretofore,a  small  skiff  had  been 
used  to  convey  the  passengers  who  sometimes 
had  to  wait  an  entire  day  before  crossing. 

Brooklyn  Bridge,  the  history  and  proportions 
of  which  have  been  already  described,  spans  the 
Mast  River  as  it  bends  eastward,  and  is  seen  to 
great  advantage  from  the  boat. 

A  little  distance  beyond,  at  the  Brooklyn  side, 
the  steamer  passes  the  United  States  Xavy  Yard, 
situated  in  Wallabout  Bay.  The  name  of  the 
bay  is  a  corruption  of  "  Waale  Boght."  The 
United  States  Xavy  Lyceum  and  the  United 
States  Marine  Hospital  are  located  at  this  point. 
Preparations  for  shipbuilding  are  conducted 
within  the  enormous  sheds  near  the  river  :  the 
cob-dock  occupies  the  bay.  (See  Extra  Day's 
Outing  in  Brooklyn.) 

Corlear's  Hook. — This  point  of  land,  below 
(irand  Street  and  opposite  the  Navy  Yard,  has 
been  called  Corlear's  Hook  since  Stuyvcsaiit 
granted  the  property  to  one  sturdy  Van  Corlear 
for  (( faithful  services  rendered."  In  L 643  a  num- 
ber of  Indians,  having  encamped  at  this  place, 
awakened  the  fear  of  the  white  settlers,  who  sur- 
prised the  red  men  at  midnight,  and  killed  over 


218 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


thirty  and  inflicted  atrocious  barbarities.  This 
action  was  the  direct  cause  of  the  revolt  of  eleven 
tribes  of  previously  peaceful  Indians. 

Bellevue  Hospital  at  Twenty-sixth  Street, 
is  easily  discerned  from  the  river.  The  Morgue, 
where  dead  bodies  are  left  for  identification,  is 
near  the  water's  edge. 

Kip's  Bay. — According  to  Washington  Irving 


THE  FIRST  FERRY  FROM  NEW  YORK  TO  LONG  ISLAND. 

this  indentation  at  the  foot  of  Thirty-sixth  Street 
received  its  name  from  the  following  adventure: 
"  .  At  the  bow  of  the  commodore's  boat 

was  stationed  a  very  valiant  man  named  Hen- 
drick  Kip.  .  .  .  No  sooner  did  he  behold 
these  varlet  heathens  "  (Indians)  "  than  he  trem- 
bled with  excessive  valor,  and  although  a  good 
half  mile  distant,  lie  seized  a  musketoon  that  lay 


UREA  TER  NEW  YORK 


219 


;it  hand  and,  turning  away  his  head,  fired  it 
most  intrepidly  in  the  face  of  the  blessed  sun. 
The  blundering  weapon  recoiled  and  gave  the 
valiant  Kip  an  ignominious  kick,  which  laid  him 
prostrate  with  uplifted  heels  in  the  bottom  of 
the  boat.  But  sucb  was  the  effect  of  this  tre- 
mendous lire  that  the  wild  men  of  the  woods, 
struck  with  consternation,  seized  hastily  upon 
their  paddles  and  shot  away  into  one  of  the  deep 
inlets  of  the  Long  Island  shore. 

"'This  signal  victory  gave  new  spirits  to  the 
voyagers;  and  in  honor  of  the  achievement  they 
gave  the  name  of  the  valiant  Kip  to  the  sur- 
rounding hay." 

It  was  here  that  the  British  landed  when,  in 
September,  L776,  they  made  their  first  attack  on 
Washington's  army  and  caused  the  precipitate 
retreat  of  American  soldiers  stationed  at  this 
point. 

Long  Island  City,  which  begins  directly  op- 
posite Kip's  Bay  and  extends  northward  for  a 
considerable  distance,  comprises  the  formerly 
separated  districts  of  Ravenswood,  Astoria,  and 
Hunter's  Point — the  latter  is  occupied  l>v  oil- 
refineries  and  factories.  The  former  sections 
contain  country  villas  and  handsome  residences. 

Blackwell's  Island. — This  long  and  narrow 


220 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


strip  of  land,  the  next  point  of  interest  on  the 
route,  was  once  the  country  seat  of  John  Man- 
ning, the  captain  in  charge  of  the  fort  at  the 
time  of  its  capture  by  the  Dutch  in  1673.  It 
was  not  until  1828  that  the  city  purchased  the 
property  for  its  charitable  and  correctional  insti- 
tutions. These  now  include  the  charity  hospital, 
penitentiary,  almshouse,  hospital  for  incurables, 
female  lunatic  asylum,  convalescent  hospital, 
workhouse,  and  blind  asylum.  The  buildings 
have  all  been  constructed  of  stone  quarried  from 
the  island  by  convict  labor ;  the  general  style  of 
architecture  is  somewhat  feudal  in  its  character. 
Residences  occupied  by  the  officials  in  charge 
arc  surrounded  with  lawns  and  gardens  that  are 
kept  in  perfect  order  by  the  inmates  of  the 
prison,  almshouse,  etc.  These  individuals  also 
farm  certain  portions  of  this  fertile  land,  row  the 
officials  and  their  families  to  and  from  the  city 
and  have  built  and  kept  in  repair  the  heavy 
granite  sea-wall  that  protects  the  shores  of  the 
entire  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land. 

Hell  Gate. — This  celebrated  strait  is  entered 
shortly  after  leaving  Black  well's  Island.  By  rea- 
son of  numerous  rocks,  shelves,  and  whirlpools 
— known  under  the  various  appellations  of 
"Flood  Rock,"   "  Negrohead,"    "  Gridiron," 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


11  Bogsback,"  "Fryingpan,"  "  Pot  Rock,"etc. 
this  narrow  passage  was  very  dangerous  to  ship- 
ping, and  could  only  be  entered  with  skilful  pilots. 
Since  1 886,  however,  the  channel  1ms  been  opened. 
The  United  States  Government  expended  two 
millions  of  dollars  in  order  to  render  it  sate. 
The  final  explosion  of  this  great  work  occurred 
at  Flood  Rock  in  1885,  at  which  time  over  fifty- 
two  thousand  pounds  of  dynamite  were  used. 

Ward's  Island,  at  the  left  of  Hell  Gate,  con- 
tains about  two  hundred  acres  of  ground.  For 
many  years  it  was  chiefly  occupied  by  lunatic 
asylums  owned  by  and  run  at  the  expense  of 
New  York  City,  which  at  the  same  time  was 
contributing  its  full  quota  to  the  support  of  the 
lunatics  of  every  other  count}'  of  the  State.  The 
unfairness  of  this  arrangement  led  to  the  passage 
of  the  law  of  1895  under  which  the  city,  for  a 
nominal  consideration,  ceded  Ward's  Island  to 
the  State,  and  the  State  assumed  all  the  expenses 
attendant  on  the  care  of  lunatics  committed  from 
New  York  City.  The  Manhattan  State  Lunatic 
Asylum  now  occupies  the  island.  A  sea-wall, 
which  was  constructed  by  convicts  from  Black- 
well's  Island,  girts  the  property.  The  grading 
and  general  improvements  were  done  by  this 

same  class  of  labor. 


222 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Randall's  Island,  which  lies  between  Ward's 
Island  and  the  mainland,  consists  of  one  hundred 
acres  of  city  property,  handsomely  laid  out  and 
ornamented  with  shade-trees.  An  idiot  asylum, 
nursery,  hospital,  and  schools  are  placed  here  by 
the  city,  in  order  to  provide  for  the  wants  of  its 
destitute  children.  A  house  of  refuge,  under  the 
charge  of  the  Society  for  the  Reformation  of 
Juvenile  Delinquents,  is  at  the  southern  end  of 


RANDALL'S  ISLAND. 


the  island.  In  this  institution  children  who  have 
been  sentenced  by  the  city  magistrates  arc  taught 
to  work  and  are  instructed  in  all  the  common- 
school  branches.  Passes  must  be  obtained  from 
the  Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  in  their 
building  at  the  corner  of  Third  Avenue  and 
Eleventh  Street,  in  order  to  visit  any  of  the  city 
institutions  on  these  islands.  A  special  permit 
is  required  for  the  lunatic  asylum  on  Ward's 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Island.  A  ferry  conveys  passengers  to  these 
localities  from  the  foot  of  East  Twenty-sixth 

Street. 

The  (  Jhannbl  at  the  south  of  Randall's  Island 
is  called  Little  Bell  Gate  ;  the  one  at  the  north 
is  the  Bronx  Kills.  Several  islands  lie  clustered 
within  the  embrace  of  the  Westchester  and  Long 
Island  shores,  where  the  waters  of  the  Sound  be- 
gin.  A  fort  at  Throgg's  Neck  and  another  one 
at  Willet's  Point  command  this  entrance  to  New 
York.  Along  the  northern  shore  is  Pelham  Bay 
Park,  a  tract  of  land  containing  seventeen  hun- 
dred acres  of  beautifully- wooded  territory. 

City  Island  is  noted  as  the  place  where 
American  oyster  culture  first  be^an.  Hart's 
Island  belongs  to  New  York  I  Jity,  and  isoccupied 
l>v  the  Potter's  Field,  a  branch  workhouse  and 
a  lunatic  asylum.  David's  Island  was  purchased 
by  the  Government  in  18(39,  but  was  used  as  a 
hospital-station  during  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion.    It  is  now  a  receiving-station  tor  recruits. 

(tlkn  Island.  -At  this  picturesque  resort  it 
will  be  fitting  to  terminate  the  labors  and  pleas- 
ures ofthe  week.  Rest  and  refreshment  will  be 
found  in  cool  groves  filled  with  choice  varieties 

of  rare  exotics  ;  and  the  return  to  busier  haunts 
will  be  at  the  close  of  the  daw  when  the  wearv 


224 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


traveler,  having  learned  the  history  of  its  events 
and  the  institutions  of  its  present  time,  can  be 
content  to  view,  in  the  half-light,  the  city  which 
promises  such  stores  of  wealth  for  the  sightseer 
of  the  future. 


i 


CHAPTER  xnr. 


EXTRA   DAYS   OUTING  A    PEEP    AT    THE   CITY  OF 

CHURCHES. 

Sunday  in  Brooklyn. — Meeting  at  the  N*ew 
York  entrance  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  at  9 
o'clock  a.m.,  it  may  wisely  be  determined,  if  all 
are  good  walkers,  to  walk  across  the  structure 
rather  than  to  take  the  cars  that  cross  it.  By 
walking  one  gets  a  better  idea  of  the  massive- 
ness  of  the  mason-work  and  a  better  view  of 
river  and  harbor.  The  bridge,  which  was 
opened  to  the  public  on  May  24,  1883.  had  taken 
thirteen  years  in  building,  and  had  cost  $15,- 
000,000,  of  which  New  York  issued  bonds  for 
$5,000,000  and  Brooklyn  for  $10,000,000.  Its 
towers  reach  two  hundred  and  seventy-eight 
feet  above  high  water.  In  the  middle  of  the 
stream  there  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet 
(dear  between  its  flooring  and  high  water.  The 
structure  is  free  to  pedestrians  and  bicyclers. 
The  railroad  fare  is  two  and  one-half  cents.  The 
schedule  for  vehicles  is  low  compared  with  ferry 

225 


226 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


rates,  the  charge  for  the  two-horse  wagon  being- 
ten  cents.  The  diameter  of  the  great  cables  is 
fifteen  and  three-quarter  inches.  The  length  of 
each  individual  wire  is  three  thousand  five  hun- 
dred and  seventy-eight  feet,  six  inches.  The 
ultimate  strength  of  each  cable  is  twelve  thou- 
sand two  hundred  tons.  About  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  thousand  persons  cross  the 
bridge  each  day  on  the  railway.  Nearly  one 
hundred  policemen  on  the  bridge  form  a  separ- 
ate force,  under  the  control  of  the  trustees,  and 
not  identified  in  any  way  with  either  the  Xew 
York  or  Brooklyn  systems.  The  total  length  of 
the  promenade  is  five  thousand  nine  hundred 
and  eighty-nine  feet  or  about  one  and  one-eighth 
miles. 

Coming  out  on  Sand  Street,  walk  across  Ful- 
ton Street  one  and  a  half  blocks  to  llieks,  and 
up  llieks  to  Orange.  Plymouth  Church  is  on 
Orange,  near  Hicks.  Henry  Ward  Beecher 
preached  there  many  years.  AValk  back  to 
Sand  Street  and  take  the  green  car — Flushing 
Avenue  Line — the  only  line  that  runs  right 
angles  to  the  bridge.  In  five  minutes  you  are  at 
the  main  entrance  of  the  Navy  Yard.  Since  it  is 
Sunday,  you  cannot  go  in  without  a  "pull"  and 
the  wasting  of  valuable  time.    On  any  week- 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


day  not  a  holiday,  any  person  can  enter  the  yard 

and  inspect  ships  at  the  docks,  but  special 
permits  are  required  to  cross  to  Cob  Dock 
or  to  hoard  ships  in  commission.  Cob  Dock 
is  an  island  of  nineteen  acres.  The  whole 
yard  covers  one  hundred  and  twelve  and  one- 
fourth  acres,  and  contains  store-houses,  foun- 
dries, arsenals,  machine  shops,  marine  barracks, 
a  guard  house  and  officers'  residences,  as  well 
as  dry-docks  for  vessels.  Records  are  kept  at  a 
building  known  as  the  Lyceum,  where  is  located 
the  office  of  the  captain  of  the  yard,  from  whom 
all  special  permits  must  he  obtained.  In  Trophy 
Park,  fronting  the  Lyceum,  is  a  marble  column 
commemorating  the  fate  of  twelve  American 
seamen,  who  fell  at  the  capture  of  the  Barrier 
forts  on  Canton  River,  China,  in  1856.  Around 
this  monument  are  grouped  guns,  captured  from 
the  British  frigate  Macedonian ;  and  the  iron 
prow  of  the  Confederate  ram  Mississippi.  The 
Marine  Hospital  and  Naval  Cemetery  occupy 
another  enclosure,  on  the  other  side  of  the  land 
sold  to  the  city  of  Brooklyn  for  market  purposes. 
The  water  front  of  the  Xavy  Yard  is  nearly 
three  miles.  The  receiving  ship  Vermont  is 
moored  to  Cob  Dock,  and  varying  numbers  <>t 
Federal  war  ships  are  to  he  seen  in  the  yard. 


228 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Riding  on  in  the  Flushing  Avenue  Car,  one 
passes  the  Marine  barracks  and  drill  yard  on  one 
side  and  the  city  park  on  the  other,  coming  to 
the  Wallabout  Market.  This  includes  about 
forty-five  acres  of  land  on  both  sides  of  Wash- 
ington Avenue,  and  running  from  Wallabout 
Creek  to  Flushing  Avenue.  It  is  laid  out  like 
a  little  town  by  itself,  and  is  filled  with  stalls 
which  do  a  business  of  $25,000,000  a  year. 
All  retail  grocers  and  butchers  in  Brooklyn 
get  their  supplies  each  morning  from  this 
market. 

At  Classon  Avenue,  transfer  to  a  car  going 
to  City  Hall  on  the  Greenpoint  line.  Two  blocks 
up,  it  turns  into  Myrtle  Avenue,  and  will  take  you 
past  Washington  Park  (formerly  Fort  Greene 
Park)  where  the  martyrs  of  the  British  prison  ships 
are  buried.  The  park  is  on  high  ground,  and 
is  admirably  kept.  At  Fulton  Street  leave  the 
car  and  take  a  glance  at  the  City  Hall,  the  Mu- 
nicipal Building,  the  Court  House  and  the  Hall 
of  Records.  The  first  has  the  great  bronze 
statue  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher  facing  it  in  front. 
It  is  a  marble  building  in  Doric  architecture 
with  heavy  pillars.  The  Municipal  Building, 
across  Joralemon  Street,  in  the  rear  of  City  Hall, 
is  a  modern  structure  in  white  limestone.  The 


(IRKATEll  XKW  YORK. 


22<> 


Court  1  louse  ;ii id  Hall  of  Records  are  on  adjoin- 
ing plots  and  are  of  granite. 

Walking  down  Pulton  Street  to  the  junction 
of  Washington,  and  then  one  block  down  the 
latter  thoroughfare,  vou  pass  the  Park  Theatre 
and  conic  to  the  Eagle  Building  and  the  Federal 
Building  on  opposite  sides  of  Johnson  Street, 
but  both  on  the  right  side  of  Washington.  Both 
are  imposing  structures  and  worth  examination. 

Walking  back  to  Montague  Street,  opposite 
the  corner  of  Myrtle  Avenue  and  Fulton  Street, 
when  vou  get  out  of  the  car,  take  a  cable-car  to 
the  Wall  Street  Perry.  Alight  at  the  top  of 
the  hill,  and  step  out  to  the  Esplanade  to  get  an 
unrivaled  view  of  the  harbor.  Then  <n>  down 
and  take  a  car  on  the  Furman  Street  line  to 
transfer  to  the  Fifteenth  Street  line  for  Green- 
wood Cemetery.  You  will  go  very  (dose  to  At- 
lantic Basin,  which  covers  forty  acres,  and  rivals 
similar  structures  on  the  Thames  and  Mersey, 
and  is  the  greatest  grain  depot  in  the  world.  Vou 
will  also  approach  Erie  Basin,  which  covers  one 
hundred  acres,  and  is  protected  by  a  mile  of 
breakwater.  All  sorts  of  ships  are  dry-docked 
here,  and  in  winter  seven  hundred  canal  boats 
seek  shelter  in  the  basin.  The  ocean  rafts  of 
timber  from  Maine  are  received  here.    But  you 


230 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


will  see  nothing  of  these  places  unless  you  are 
able  to  pay  another  visit  to  Brooklyn. 

Arrived  at  Greenwood,  you  will  take  a  car- 
ry-all at  the  main  entrance  at  Fifth  Avenue  and 
Twenty-fifth  Street  for  a  trip  around  the  City  of 
the  Dead,  with  a  guide  who  will  explain  what 
you  are  seeing.  The  fare  is  twenty-five  cents 
for  adults  and  ten  cents  for  children.  About 
295,000  persons  have  been  buried  in  Green- 
wood, and  the  number  of  interments  is  over 
5,000  per  year. 

Though  the  walk  from  Greenwood  to  Pros- 
pect Park  is  not  long,  it  may  be  well  to  take 
a  Fifth  Avenue  surface-car  to  Flatbush  Avenue, 
and  there  transfer  to  the  Flatbush  Avenue  line. 
The  main  entrance  of  Prospect  Park  should  be 
reached  in  about  fifteen  minutes.  Allow  oneand 
a  half  hours  to  the  Park.  The  Soldiers'  and  Sail- 
ors' Memorial  Arch,  at  the  entrance,  has  bas-re- 
liefs by  Maurice  J.  Power,  representing  President 
Lincoln  and  General  Grant  on  horseback,  review- 
ing the  troops  after  the  fall  of  Richmond.  You 
will  notice  near  this  arch  a  bronze  statue  of  Major- 
General  Gouverneur  Kemble  Warren,  by  Henry 
Baerer.  This  was  unveiled  July  4,  1806.  The 
Park  contains  a  bronze  statue  of  J.  S.  T.  Strana- 
han,  almost  the  only  case  on  record  of  such  a 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


tribute  to  ;i  man  still  living,  and  bronze  busts  of 
Beethoven,  Irving,  Thomas  Moore  and  John 
Howard  Payne,as  well  as  a  heroic  bronze  statue 
of  Abraham  Lincoln.  This  was  originally  un- 
veiled at  the  entrance  in  1869,  but  in  L895  was 
moved  to  the  flower  garden  where  it  now  stands. 
On  what  is  known  as  Lookout  Hill  is  a  granite 
shaft  erected  by  the  Baltimore  Society  of  the 
American  Revolution  to  the  memory  of  four 
hundred  Maryland  troops  who  fell  inthe defence 
of  the  rear  of  the  American  Army  at  the  battle 
of  Long  Island,  which  was  largely  fought  within 
the  ground  now  covered  by  Prospect  Park. 
There  is  a  bronze  tablet  on  the  East  Drive  Locat- 
ing Battle  Pass,  where  the  hottest  fighting  took 
place.  Prospect  Park  is  not  over  decorated  l>v 
the  landscape  gardener,  and  great  freedom  is 
given  to  children  to  use  the  lawns. 

A  t  the  Conet  [sland  Exit  of  the  Park,  what 
is  known  as  the  Cycle  Path  begins.  It  is  on 
Loth  sides  of  the  Ocean  Boulevard.  This 
thoroughfare  has  a  main  driveway  for  last 
horses,  a  cycle  track  on  each  side,  and  outside 
of  this  a  roadway  for  business  wagons  in  each 
direction.  Six  rows  of  shade-trees  run  for  all  of 
its  five  and  a  hall'  miles  from  the  Park  to  the 
ocean.    It  is  one  of  the  system  of  driveways  that 


232 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


makes  Brooklyn  attractive  to  the  cyclist  as  well 
as  the  horseman.  Bedford  Avenue  is  the  high- 
way by  which  up-town  New  Yorkers,  crossing 
the  Twenty-third  Street  Ferry,  reach  Prospect 
Park  ;  and  the  heroic  equestrian  statue  of  Gen- 
eral Grant,  by  Partridge,  is  on  that  street  in  front 
of  the  Union  League  Club-House.  Eastern 
Parkway — on  the  east  side  of  the  Park5 — connects 
with  the  whole  system  of  macadamized  roads  on 
Long  Island.  The  Bay  Ridge  Shore  Drive,  and 
Fort  Hamilton  Avenue  add  seven  miles  of  this 
system. 

The  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sci- 
ences (founded  in  1824)  has  a  handsome  new 
building  on  the  Park  lands,  facing  Eastern  Park- 
way. It  furnishes  courses  of  lectures  on  every 
branch  of  art,  science,  literature  and  history. 
It  lias  4,500  members,  composed  of  the  repre- 
sentative literary  men  and  women  of  Brooklyn. 

Prospect  Park  has  cost  about  $4,000,000.  It 
contains  five  hundred  and  sixteen  and  one-sixth 
acres.  It  can  be  reached  easily  by  car  lines 
from  all  parts  of  the  city ;  and  is  therefore  a 
thoroughly  popular  breathing  place.  You  can 
take  a  car  directly  to  the  bridge  from  the  Park  ; 
but  if  it  is  summer  time  there  is  a  better  way  of 
spending  the  evening. 


234 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Coney  Island. — Going  out  of  the  Park  at  what 
is  called  the  Willink  entrance,  Malbone  Street 
and  Flatbush  Avenue,  take  a  Nostrand  Avenue 
car  (standing  opposite  the  entrance)  to  Atlantic 
Avenue.  Then  take  a  Manhattan  Beach  steam- 
car  to  Coney  Island.  Trains  run  every  hour. 
At  Manhattan  Beach  stroll  over  to  the  Oriental 
Hotel.  Returning,  take  dinner  at  the  Manhattan 
Beach  Hotel.  See  the  fireworks  and  hear  the 
music.  Take  the  marine  road  to  Brighton  Beach 
and  look  over  the  hotel  there.  Then  go  by 
elevated  road  or  stage  (fare  five  cents)  to  West 
Brighton.  This  is  the  popular  end  of  Coney 
Island — the  beer  garden,  shooting-gallery,  pea- 
nut stand  end.  It  is  worth  seeing.  Take  the 
Iron  Steamship  Line  home.  You  will  sail 
through  the  Narrows  and  will  be  landed  at  the 
Battery  or  at  the  foot  of  West  Twenty-second 
Street,  New  York.  The  trip  will  take  a  little 
over  an  hour. 

Coney  Island  was  in  the  old  town  of  Graves- 
end.  It  became  a  part  of  Brooklyn,  and  is  now 
a  part  of  Greater  New  York. 


CHRONOLOGICAL  SKETCHES  OF  THE  CITY 
OF  NEW  YORK 


1524. — The  Island  of  Manhattan  was  discovered  by  John  De  Ver- 

razzani,  a  Florentine. 
1609. — Hendrik  (or  Henry)  Hudson,  a  navigator  in  the  service  of 

the  States  General  of  Holland,  and  the  second  discoverer  of 

Manhattan  Island,  sailed  up  the  Hudson  River  to  a  point  a  little 

below  Albany. 

1611. — The  first  ships  that  carried  merchandise  from  the  North 
River,  the  Little  Fox,  and  the  Little  Crane,  were  sent  from 
Holland  on  a  voyage  of  speculation. 

Three  more  vessels  were  at  this  time  fitted  out  for  the  pur- 
pose of  establishing  trading  posts  on  the  Hudson  River,  where 
furs  might  be  collected,  thus  saving  time  for  the  ships  that 
crossed  the  ocean.  One  of  these  was  called  The  Tiger,  the 
other  two  bore  the  name  of  The  Fortune. 

The  first  vessel  built  on  the  shores  of  New  York  Harbor, 
and  the  first  to  pass  through  Hell-Gate,  was  called  the  Restless, 
and  may  be  considered  as  peculiarly  entitled  to  honorable 
mention,  because  it  was  the  means  of  filling  many  impor- 
tant blanks  in  the  geography  of  the  world. 

1613.  — Captain  Adrien  built  four  small  houses  and  established  a 
fur  agency  at  what  is  now  No.  41  Broadway. 

1614.  — An  expedition  from  South  Virginia,  dispatched  by  Sir 
Thomas  Dale,  took  possession  of  the  infant  colony. 

Later  in  the  year,  Holland,  having  regained  possession  of  the 
Island,  sent  an  expedition  of  five  vessels,  that  explored  the 
whole  length  of  Long  Island,  passed  up  the  Hudson  and  Dela- 
ware rivers,  and  were  given  the  exclusive  right  to  trade  be- 
tween the  Delaware  and  Connecticut  rivers  for  three  years. 
1623. — A  charter,  under  the  title  of  the  West  India  Company,  went 
into  operation. 


236 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


This  is  considered  to  have  been  the  era  of  the  permanent  set- 
tlement of  New  Netherlands. 

1624.  — Peter  Minuit  arrived  at  Manhattan,  in  the  capacity  of  Di- 
rector-General of  New  Netherlands,  and  organized  a  provis- 
ional government. 

1625.  — Three  ships  and  a  yacht  from  Holland,  brought  a  number 
of  settlers  and  one  hundred  head  of  cattle. 

1626.  — Manhattan  Island  was  purchased  from  the  Indians,  for 
trinkets  worth  twenty-four  dollars. 

1633. — The  first  schoolmaster  arrived  from  Holland. 

The  first  ship-of-war,  Be  Soutberg  (the  Salt  Mountain), 
brought  a  company  of  soldiers  to  garrison  the  stronghold 
that  had  just  been  completed  on  the  southern  point  of  the 
Island. 

1638. — The  first  ferry  crossed  the  East  River  to  Long  Island. 

1642.  — A  church,  built  of  rock  stone,  which  cost  about  one  thou- 
sand dollars,  was  erected  within  the  walls  of  the  fort. 

The  first  tavern,  "  Staadt  Herberg,"  was  built  by  the  Dutch 
West  India  Company  at  Coenties  Slip. 

1643.  — The  first  deed  recorded  was  for  a  lot  thirty  by  one  hundred 
feet,  that  was  sold  for  nine  dollars  and  fifty  cents. 

The  wreck  of  the  ship  Princess  occurred  in  Bristol  Channel. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  notable  maritime  events  in  con- 
nection with  the  early  history  of  the  city,  eighty  passengers,  in- 
cluding the  Director-General  Kieft,  aud  Dominie  Bogardus, 
the  first  clergyman  established  in  this  city,  having  been 
drowned. 

Lots  were  freely  given  to  whoever  would  build  in  the  town. 
1648. — The  first  wharf  was  constructed. 

The  first  ordinance  for  the  prevention  of  fire  was  passed, 
after  which  four  fire-wardens,  or  chimney-inspectors,  were 
appointed. 

The  settlement  contained  twelve  retail  dealers. 

1650.  — The  first  lawyer,  Dick  Van  Schelluyne,  commenced  prac- 
tice. 

1651.  — All  persons  who  were  absent  from  the  city  four  months 
lost  their  burgher  rights. 

1652.  — The  city  of  New  Amsterdam  was  incorporated. 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


237 


The  First  Public  School  was  established  in  the  ' 1  Stadt  buys. " 
1054. — Burgomasters  received  one  hundred  and  forty  dollars,  and 
the  Schepeus  one  hundred  dollars  per  annum,   for  their  ser- 
vices. 

L655. — Negroes  were  purchased  from  slave  ships  and  taken  to  Vir- 
ginia. 

1050. — New  Amsterdam  contained  one  thousand  inhabitants,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  houses,  and  seventeen  streets. 
The  first  survey  of  the  city  was  continued  by  law. 

1(557. — The  English  language  was  first  recognized  in  New  Am- 
sterdam. 

1658. —  Stone  pavements  were  laid.  The  street  first  paved  still  re- 
tains its  former  name  of  Stone  Street. 

The  first  fire-compauy,  which  consisted  of  eight  men,  was 
organized.  .  • 

Whipping  with  a  rod,  and  banishment  from  the  city,  was  at 
this  time  the  punishment  for  theft. 

Hogs  running  at  large  were  required  to  have  riugs  in  their 
noses. 

1G59. — The  first  shipwreck  on  this  coast,  of  which  there  is  any  ac- 
count, occured  near  Fire  Island.  The  name  of  the  ship  was 
Prince  Maurice. 

Poor-boxes  were  customarily  introduced  at  weddings. 

Houses  were  rented  for  twenty-seven  dollars  per  annum. 

The  first  public  auctioneer  was  appointed.  One  dollar  and 
ten  cents  was  the  fee  paid  for  the  disposal  of  a  lot. 
1G00. — The  establishment  of  a  brick-yard  was  a  notable  event  in 
connection  with  the  architectural  progress  of  the  city.  Before 
this  time  bricks  had  been  imported  from  Holland,  and  were 
considered  too  expensive  to  be  used,  except  in  the  construct  ion 
of  chimneys  and  ovens. 

A  man  living  near  the  Bowery,  offered  to  give  away  his 
property,  for  the  reason  that  he  disliked  to  ride  through  two 
miles  of  dense  forest  to  reach  his  work. 

It  waspunishable  to  call  magistrates  blockheads,  on  account 
of  an  adverse  decision. 
1668. — The  first  suicide  recorded  in  the  town  was  that  of  a  black- 
smith, who  hung  himself  from  a  tree  near  Collect  Pond. 


238 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1664.  — New  Amsterdam  was  captured  by  the  English,  and  its  name 
was  changed  to  New  York. 

Notice  was  given  of  a  reorganization  of  the  municipal  gov- 
ernment under  the  direction  of  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Sheriff. 

1665.  — The  first  Court  of  Admiralty,  organized  by  Governor  Nich- 
ols, was  convened  and  held  in  the  Stadthuys. 

1670. — A  seal  of  the  city  was  presented  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

Staten  Island  was  purchased  for  a  few  trinkets. 

The  first  New  York  Exchange  was  established,  the  members 
arranging  to  meet  every  Friday  morning,  between  eleven  and 
twelve  o'clock,  at  the  bridge  which  crossed  the  ditch  at  Broad 
Street,  a  locality  now  known  as  Exchange  Place. 

1673.  — A  Dutch  fleet  recaptured  the  city,  in  the  name  of  the  States 
General  of  Holland,  and  changed  its  name  to  New  Orange. 

The  first  mail  between  Boston  and  New  York  was  estab- 
lished, "  for  a  more  speedy  intelligence  and  despatch  of 
affairs."  The  letters  were  carried  by  a  messenger  who  made 
the  round  trip  once  a  mouth. 

At  this  time  the  main  portion  of  the  town  extended  from 
the  high  ridge  of  ground  at  Broadway  to  the  East  River,  then 
called  Salt  River.  A  great  dock  for  vessels,  and  three  cres- 
cent-shaped forts,  were  placed  along  the  shore.  Almost  all 
of  the  houses  presented  gable  ends  to  the  street. 

1674.  — A  treaty  of  peace  having  been  signed  by  England  and  Hol- 
land, New  York  was  again  restored  to  the  English. 

Only  one  Jew  and  one  Spaniard  held  property  in  the  city 
at  this  period. 

1677. — New  York  contained  three  hundred  and  forty-three  houses. 

1679. — A  bear  was  killed  in  an  orchard  near  Maiden  Lane. 

The  first  classis  was  formed,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  gov- 
ernor, for  the  purpose  of  examining  and  ordaining  a  young 
Bachelor  in  Divinity,  who  had  been  called  to  the  church  in 
Newcastle. 

1683. — The  city  was  divided  into  six  wards. 

The  "Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  of  the  city  of 
New  York,"  first  called  the  "Court  of  General  Quarter  Ses- 
sions," was  instituted  under  royal  government. 

1686, — The  "Dongan  Charter,"  the  basis  of  all  later  charters  ob- 


<;  RE  AT  Ell  NEW  YORK. 


tained  for  tlii.s  city,  was  granted  by  James  the  Second.  This 
declared  that  New  York  City  thenceforth  should  comprise  the 
entire  Island  of  Manhattan. 

The  best  house  in  the  city  was  sold  for  three  thousand  and 
five  hundred  dollars. 

1689. — Information  of  the  accession  of  William  and  Mary  to  the 
throne  was  received  in  New  York  with  great  satisfaction. 
The  garrison  was  seized  by  about  fifty  inhabitants,  who 
formed  themselves  into  a  committee  of  safely  to  hold  the  prov- 
ince in  rule  until  a  government  could  be  established  by  the 
new  Sovereigns.  This  movement  inaugurated  a  bitter  strife 
between  factions  of  the  citizens,  who  contended  for  the  tem- 
porary control,  and  resulted  in  the  ascendency  of  Leisler. 

1(591.— The  first  Assembly  met  April  9th. 
Leisler  was  tried  and  executed. 

1(>92.—  The  first  post-office  was  established. 

A  whipping-post,  pillory,  and  ducking-stool,  were  placed 
near  the  City  Hall. 

1693. — The  first  printing-press  was  put  in  operation. 

1(}96. — Trinity  Church  Corporation  erected  its  first  edifice. 

The  city  contained  five  hundred  and  ninety  four  houses,  and 
six  thousand  inhabitants. 

The  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  received  a  charter 
of  incorporation. 

1097. — The  first  almanac  was  published. 

1700. — The  second  City  Hall  was  erected  at  the  corner  of  Nassau 

and  Wall  streets. 
1703. — The  "  King's  Farm,"  a  region  of  country  extending  north 

ward  from  Cortlandt  Street,  was  granted  to  Trinity  Church 

Corporation  by  Queen  Anne.    This  gift  laid  the  foundation 

for  the  revenues  of  that  society. 

1709.  — A  slave  market  was  established  at  flu;  foot  of  Wall  Street. 

1710.  — The  total  annual  income  of  the  city  was  two  hundred  ami 
ninety-four  pounds  sterling.  The  total  expenses  wen-  two 
hundred  and  seventy-four  pounds. 

A  post-office  establishment  tor  the  colonies  in  America  was 
created  by  an  Act  of  Parliament,  the  chief  oflice  of  which  was 
in  New  York. 


240 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1712. — The  negro  inhabitants  formed  a  plot  to  set  fire  to  the  city, 
and,  in  its  execution,  killed  several  white  persons.  Nineteen 
of  the  incendiaries  were  convicted  and  executed. 

1719.  — The  first  Presbyterian  Church  was  erected  in  Wall  Street. 

1720.  — Clocks  were  first  introduced,  time  having  previously  been 
recorded  by  hour-glasses. 

1725. — The  first  newspaper,  called  the  New  York  Gazette,  was 
published. 

1729.  — A  City  Library  was  founded. 

1730.  — The  charter  upon  which  the  city's  present  system  of  gov- 
ernment is  based,  was  granted  by  Governor  Montgomery. 

A  line  of  stages,  that  made  bi-monthly  trips,  was  established 
between  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

The  first  fire  engines  used  in  the  city  arrived  from  London. 
A  fire-department  was  at  once  organized. 
1732. — The  first  stage  from  New  York  to  Boston  made  the  round 

trip  once  a  month. 
1734. — A  Poor-House,  and  a  Calaboose  for  unruly  slaves,  were 
erected  on  the  Commons,  now  City-Hall  Park. 

1740.  — The  New  York  Society-Library  was  organized. 

1741.  — The  famous  delusion,  known  as  the  "Negro  Plot,"  in 
which  a  large  number  of  negroes,  and  a  Catholic  priest,  were 
executed  without  cause,  occasioned  much  excitement. 

1750. — The  first  theatre  was  opened  in  Nassau  Street. 
1754. — King's  College  obtained  a  charter  of  incorporation. 

1756.  — The  first  ferry  plied  between  New  York  and  Staten 
Island, 

1757.  ^The  city  contained  about  twelve  thousand  inhabitants. 
1761. — A  second  theatre  was  opened  in  Beekman  Street. 
1763. — Light  first  gleamed  from  the  Sandy  Hook  lighthouse. 

A  ferry  was  established  between  New  York  and  Paul  us 
Hook — now  Jersey  City. 
1765. — The  famous  Stamp- Act  Congress  convened  in  this  city.  Del- 
egates were  present  from  all  the  colonies,  and  a  bold  declara- 
tion of  rights  and  grievances  was  adopted.  An  agreement  not 
to  import  goods  from  Great  Britain,  until  the  Stamp  Act  was 
repealed,  was  signed  by  a  large  concourse  of  merchants,  and  a 
society  of  individuals,  who  called  themselves  the  "  Sons  of 


GREATER  HEW  TORE. 


24  1 


Liberty,"  was  organized,  with  affiliations  throughout  the 
country.  Great  excitement  prevailed,  and  a  riot  occurred,  in 
which  the  governor  was  burned  in  effigy,  and  the  citizens 
threatened  to  storm  the  fort. 
17(i(i. — News  of  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act  reached  the  city  May 
2Gth. 

The  Methodist  Kpiseopal  Society  of  the  United  States  was 
founded  by  Philip  Embury,  in  his  own  house  hi  this  city. 
1768. — A.  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  organized  at  Queen's  Bead 
Tavern,  the  building  afterward  known  as  M  Fraunce's  Tavern." 
1770. — The  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  incorporated  by 
the  Legislature. 

A  statue  of  William  Pitt  was  erected  in  William  Street. 
1772.  —  Umbrellas  were  imported  from  India.    They  were  at  first 

scouted  as  an  elfeminacy. 
1774. — A  vessel  called  the  Nancy  was  not  permitted  to  land  her 
cargo  of  tea,  nor  to  make  entry  at  the  Custom-House. 

A  Committee  of  Correspondence  was  organized,  and  a 
"  Congress  of  Colonies  "  was  insisted  upon  by  the  merchants. 

Resolutions  of  resistance  were  adopted  by  a  great  meeting 
on  the  Commons,  now  City-Hall  Park. 
[175. — The  Colonial  Assembly  adjourned. 

Delegates  were  elected  to  the  Continental  Congress. 
The  first  New  York  water  works  were  established. 
1770. — The  militia  was  called  into  service  in  January.    In  the  spring 
following,  the  city  was  in  the  possession  of  the  American  Army. 

The  leaden  statue  of  George  the  Third  was  pulled  down 
July  (Jth. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence  was  read  from  the  balcony 
of  the  old  City  Hall,  July  18th. 

The  king's  coat  of-arms  was  taken  from  the  court-room  and 
burned  on  the  same  day. 

The  city  was  captured  by  the  British,  August  20th,  after  the 
battle  of  Long  Island. 

A  great  fire  destroyed  Trinity  Church  and  nearly  five  hun- 
dred houses,  September  2lst. 

Nathan  Hale  was  executed  as  a  spy,  by  command  of  (Jen- 
era]  Howe. 


242 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1777.  — Congress  directed  the  Board  of  War  to  write  to  the  govern- 
ment of  New  York,  urging  that  the  lead  mines  in  that  State 
be  worked,  and  promising  to  supply  prisoners  of  war  for  the 
purpose;  the  scarcity  of  lead  making  it  necessary  to  use  gutters 
and  roofs,  and  the  leaden  statue  of  King  George  the  Third  for 
bullets. 

1 778.  — The  British  evacuated  Philadelphia,  and  an  army  of  twelve 
thousand  men  marched  from  that  city  to  New  York.  The 
baggage  and  stores,  with  some  three  thousand  non-combatants 
who  held  to  their  British  allegiance,  were  sent  to  New  York 
by  wrater. 

1779.  — While  the  city  was  in  the  possession  of  the  British,  counter- 
feiting Continental  bills  was  a  regular  business;  flags  of  truce 
were  made  use  of  to  put  it  in  circulation,  and  the  newspapers 
openly  advertised  it. 

On  the  19th  of  May,  at  eleven  in  the  morning,  a  darkness, 
which  continued  for  several  hours,  necessitating  candles  at 
noon-day,  fell  over  the  city.  The  cause  of  this  remarkable 
phenomenon  has  been  assigned  to  prodigious  fires,  that  had 
been  raging  in  the  States  of  Massachusetts,  Vermont,  and 
New  Hampshire. 

1780.  — A  great  scarcity  of  fuel  and  fresh  provisions  caused  general 
consternation.  Fruit  trees  were  cut  down,  wood  was  twenty 
dollars  a  cord,  corn  was  four  dollars,  and  potatoes  were  two 
dollars  a  bushel.  As  the  ice  in  the  Hudson  River  offered  an 
opportunity  for  the  Americans  to  cross  it,  an  attack  upon  the 
city  was  feared,  and  all  the  inhabitants  were  put  under  arms. 

Four  newspapers  were  published  during  the  time  of  the 
British  occupation,  the  proprietors  arranging  their  issues  so 
that  one  paper  was  provided  for  each  day. 

1783. — The  British  evacuated  the  city  November  25th,  and  General 
Washington  entered  at  the  head  of  the  American  Army. 

1785. — Congress  moved  from  Philadelphia  to  New  York,  and  con- 
vened in  the  City  Hall,  which  then  stood  at  the  corner  of  Wall 
and  Nassau  streets,  now  occupied  by  the  United  States 
Sub-'f  reasury  Building. 

The  Bank  of  New  York  and  a  manumission  society  were 
established. 


(IREATER   XEW  YORK. 


The  first  daily  paper  was  published  under  the  name  of  the 
New  York  Daily  Advertiser. 

1786.  — The  first  eity  directory  was  issued.  It  contained  eight 
hundred  and  forty-six  names. 

1787.  — King's  College  was  reincorporated  as  Columbia  College. 

1788.  — The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  was  adopted  by  New 
Yoik  State.    A  great  parade  celebrated  that  event  in  this  city. 

1789.  — The  first  Congress  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  assembled  in  Federal  Hall  on  the  4th  of  March,  ;it 
which  time  George  Washington  was  unanimously  elected 
President. 

The  inauguration  of  Washington  as  President  of  the  United 
States,  took  place  April  30th,  on  the  gallery  of  the  old  City 
Hall. 

Martha  Washington  held  her  first  reception  May  'JOtli. 
Tammany  Society,  or  the  Columbian  Order,  was  founded. 

1790.  — The  first  sidewalks  were  laid. 
1795. — Park  Theatre  was  erected. 

1797. — The  Medical  Repository,  the  first  scientific  periodical 
printed  in  this  country,  was  published. 

1799.  — The  Manhattan  Company,  organized  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying  the  city  with  water,  obtained  its  charter.  The 
Bronx  River,  proposed  as  the  source  of  supply,  was  surveyed. 

The  second  bank,  the  Manhattan  Company,  was  established 
at  No.  23  Wall  Street. 

1800.  — Collect  Pond  was  filled  in.  This  body  of  fresh  water, 
situated  on  the  present  site  of  the  Tombs,  was  of  such  depth 
that  several  contractors,  who  engaged  to  fill  it,  were  said  to 
have  become  bankrupt  in  their  efforts  to  do  so.  Many  times 
earth  rose  above  its  level  in  the  evening,  but  the  next  morn- 
ing's sun  shone  again  on  sparkling  waters,  the  debris  having 
disappeared  beneath  its  surface. 

On  its  western  borders,  surrounded  by  groves  of  trees  and 
blackberry  wilds,  once  was  situated  an  Indian  village,  no  doubt 
the  home  of  the  Manhattans.  Fish  were  abundant  in  the  pond 
for  more  than  one  hundred  years  after  the  Christian  settlement 
of  the  Island,  and  one  of  its  promontories  was  so  abundantly 
strewn  with  a  deposit  of  shells  that  the  Dutch  named  it 


244 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


"  Kalchook,"  or  "Lime  Shell  Point."  The  water  was  of  un- 
usual purity,  the  celebrated  "Tea- water  Spring  having  been 
one  of  its  many  fountains,  and  a  number  of  brooks  that  flowed 
to  both  rivers  formed  picturesque  outlets  for  its  seemingly  inex- 
haustible supply.  Doubtless  the  stoppage  of  these  springs  had 
much  to  do  with  the  subsequent  epidemics  of  yellow  fever 
that  occasioned  so  much  mourning  throughout  the  city. 
1801. — The  real  and  personal  property  of  the  city  and  county  was 
valued  at  $21,964,037,  and  a  tax  was  laid  of  one  mill  on  the 
dollar. 

The  Evening  Post  issued  its  first  number. 

1804.  — Alexander  Hamilton  was  killed  in  a  duel  with  Aaron  Burr. 

Sunday-schools  were  established. 

Hackney  coaches  were  licensed. 

The  first  recorder  of  New  York  City  was  appointed. 

Some  alterations  in  the  franchise  having  opened  elections  to 
the  participation  of  a  large  number,  whom  property  restrictions 
had  previously  prevented  from  having  a  voice  in  the  choice  of 
the  city  magistrates,  this  year,  for  the  first  time,  witnessed  a 
Republican  majority  in  the  Board. 

1805.  — Fort  Clinton  was  erected. 

The  New  York  Free  School  was  incorporated. 

1806.  — Steam  navigation  was  successfully  demonstrated  by  Rob- 
ert Fulton. 

The  New  York  Orphan  Asylum  Society  was  founded.  Mrs. 
Sarah  Hoffman  and  .Mis.  Alexander  Hamilton  were  the  first 
and  second  directresses. 

1807.  — The  city  was  surveyed  and  laid  out  by  a  commission  ap- 
pointed by  the  Legislature,  in  which  Gouverneur  Morris,  De- 
Witt  Clinton,  and  other  prominent  persons  were  active  mem- 
bers. 

The  city  contained  thirty-one  benevolent  institutions. 
A  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  was  chartered. 
"Washington  Irving,  distinguished  as  a  heedless  law-student, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar. 

1808.  — The  American  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  was  incorporated. 

1811.  — The  first  ferry  carried  passengers  to  Hoboken. 

1812.  — War  was  declared  against  Great  Britain. 


<;  It  HAIKU  A'/v'll'  YORK. 


B46 


Steam  was  utilized  on  the  Jersey  City  ferry-boats. 
The  manufacture  of  pins  was  inaugurated  Id  the  city  by  Eng- 
lish workmen, who  procured  one  dollar  a  paper  lor  their  product. 

1814.  — Brooklyn  ferry-boats  adopted  steam. 

Specie  payments  were  suspended  for  nearly  three  years. 

1815.  — New  York  received  wit  h  enthusiasm  the  news  of  a  treaty  of 
peace  between  the  United  Slates  and  Great  Britain. 

Thirteen  Insurance  Companies  were  located  in  Wall  Street 

1816.  — The  Common  Council  of  New  York  prohibited  chimney- 
sweepers from  crying  their  trade  in  the  streets. 

Enormous  importations  of  merchandise  from  Europe  reo 
dered  this  year  a  memorable  one  among  commercial  men. 

1817.  — The  first  regular  packet-ships,  called  the  Black  Ball  Line, 
sailed  between  New  York  and  Liverpool. 

An  Asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  was  incorporated. 

1818.  — Shoe  pegs  were  introduced. 

1819.  — The  first  ocean  steamship,  the  Savannah,  crossed  the  At- 
lantic from  New  York  to  Liverpool. 

The  first  Savings  Bank  was  opened. 

1820.  — The  population  of  New  York  wTas  one  hundred  and  twenty 
three  thousand,  seven  hundred  and  six. 

Newr  York  and  New  Orleans  were  connected  by  a  line  of 
steamships. 
The  Netr  York  Observer  was  published. 

Fire-proof  safes,  constructed  of  iron  and  wood,  were  im- 
ported from  France. 

Daily  mails  were  established  between  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  and  Jamaica,  Long  Island. 

The  Old  Park  Theatre  was  burned. 

1821.  — In  January  the  North  River,  from  Cortlandt  Street  to  Jer- 
sey City,  was  crossed  on  the  ice  by  loaded  sleighs. 

1822.  — New  York,  with  other  counties,  had  ft  separate  District  At- 
torney. 

A  steamship  line  carried  passengers  and  freight  between 
New  York  and  Norfolk. 
1823 — The  first  steam  power  printing  press  in  the  United  Stales 
was  put  in  operation.    An  abridgment  of  "  Murray's  English 

Grammar"  was  the  first  work  done  by  this  machine. 


246 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


The  New  York  Gas-Light  Company  was  incorporated. 

1824.  — A  House  of  Refuge  for  the  reformation  of  juvenile  de- 
linquents was  erected  by  private  subscription.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  a  new  system  for  the  correction  of  the  vices  of 
the  young. 

General  Lafayette  was  welcomed  with  great  rejoicing  as  the 
guest  of  the  city  and  nation. 

1825.  — October  26th,  the  sound  of  cannon,  first  heard  at  Buffalo, 
and  then  repeated  from  point  to  point,  announced  the  comple- 
tion of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  union  of  the  Great  Lakes  with 
the  Atlantic.  The  arrival  in  New  York  City  of  the  first  canal- 
boat  was  the  occasion  of  a  grand  aquatic  and  civil  pageant,  in 
which  the  "commingling  of  the  waters "  was  typically  illus- 
trated by  Governor  De  Witt  Clinton,  the  "  Fatber  of  the 
Canal, "  who,  amidst  impressive  ceremonies,  poured  from  a 
keg  the  water  of  Lake  Erie  into  the  ocean  at  the  Narrows. 

The  first  Sunday  newspaper  published  in  this  city  was  is- 
sued under  the  name  of  the  Sunday  Courier.  It  was  soon  dis- 
continued for  want  of  patronage. 

The  first  performance  of  Italian  Opera  was  given  at  the 
Park  Theatre. 

Homoeopathy  was  introduced  by  a  physician  from  Denmark. 

The  tinder-box,  which  had  been  the  implement  used  for 
lighting  fires,  was  superseded  by  a  bottle  filled  with  acid  and 
cotton,  and  surmounted  by  phosphorized  pine  sticks. 

The  quintal  of  one  hundred,  instead  of  one  hundred  and 
twelve  pounds,  was  adopted  by  the  merchants  as  the  new 
measure  for  purchase  and  sale. 

Gas  mains  were  laid  in  Broadway. 

1827.  — The  Journal  of  Commerce  and  the  Morning  Inquirer  were 
started.  These  twTo  papers,  in  their  efforts  to  rival  each  other, 
established  swrift  schooners  and  pony -expresses  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  the  commercial  news. 

1828.  — The  Law  Institute  was  organized. 

Webster's  Dictionary  was  published. 
Varnish  was  first  manufactured. 

1829.  — The  American  Institute  was  incorporated,  and  held  its  first 
fair. 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


247 


Bricks  were  manufactured  by  machinery. 
Galvanized  iron  was  invented. 

1830.  — A  railroad  locomotive,  the  first  one  constructed  In  America, 
was  built  in  New  York  for  a  railroad  in  South  Carolina. 

Omnibuses  were  introduced.  The  word  "  omnibus, "  painted 
in  large  letters  on  both  sides  of  the  vehicle,  was  generally  sup- 
posed to  be  that  of  the  owner. 

The  Christian  Intelligencer,  an  organ  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church,  published  its  first  number. 

1831.  — A  street  railroad  was  completed,  and  opened  for  travel,  be- 
tween the  City  Hail  and  Fourteenth  Street. 

The  first  sporting  paper,  called  The  Spirit  of  the  Times,  was 
issued. 

The  New  York  and  Harlem  Railroad  Company  was  incor- 
porated. 

1832.  — Peter  Cooper,  the  philanthropist,  demonstrated  to  the  stock- 
holders of  the  Albany  and  Schenectady  Railroad,  that  cars 
could  be  drawn  around  short  curves. 

Five  thousand  persons  died  from  Asiatic  cholera. 

1833.  — The  New  York  Sun,  a  penny  paper,  was  published. 

1834.  — A  meeting  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery  Society  was  broken 
up  by  a  mob. 

In  conformity  with  an  amendment  of  the  Constitution,  a 
mayor  of  New  York  was  elected  for  the  first  time  by  the  votes 
of  the  people. 
1885. — The  New  York  Herald  was  founded. 

Pins  were  manufactured  by  machinery. 

A  disastrous  conflagration,  destroying  property  to  the  extent 
of  twenty  millions  of  dollars,  was  checked  only  by  blowing  up 
several  houses. 
1836. — Work  on  the  aqueduct  was  begun. 

The  Common  Council  ordered  pipes  to  be  laid,  preparatory 
to  the  introduction  of  water  into  the  city. 

Commercial  distress  and  financial   panic  spread  over  the 
Whole  Country,  and  swept  numerous  firms  OU(  of  existence. 
1840. — A  manufactory  of  gold  pens  was  established. 

The  New  York  Tribune,  edited  by  Horace  Greeley  was  pub- 
lished.   The  receipts  of  this  paper  for  the  first  week  were 


248 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


ninety-two  dollars  ;  the  expenses  amounted  to  five  hundred 
and  twenty-five  dollars. 

1841.  — The  Princeton,  a  ship-of-war,  was  constructed  by  John 
Ericsson.  This  was  the  first  ship  in  which  the  propelling  ma- 
chinery was  placed  under  water,  and  secured  from  shot. 

1842.  — Abolitionists  declared  a  separate  nomination,  held  a  State 
Convention,  and  ran  a  candidate  for  the  mayoralty  of  New 
York. 

June  27th,  water  was  received  through  the  aqueduct  into  the 
reservoir  at  Eighty-sixth  Street;  July  4th,  it  was  introduced  into 
the  distributing-reservoir  on  Murray  Hill,  while  waving  flags, 
clanging  bells,  floral  canopies,  and  songs  proclaimed  the  great 
interest  which  this  eveut  awakened.  The  fountain  in  the  park, 
opposite  the  Astor  House,  consisted  of  a  central  pipe  with 
eighteen  surbordinate  jets,  in  a  basin  one  hundred  feet  broad. 
By  shifting  the  plate  of  the  conduit  pipe,  the  water  assumed 
such  shapes  as  the  "Maid  of  the  Mist,"  the  "  Croton  Plume," 
the  "Vase,"  the  "Dome,"  the  "  Bouquet,"  the  "Sheaf  of 
Wheat,"  and  the  "Weeping  Willow." 

A  similar  display  in  Union  Square,  then  called  Union  Park, 
was  a  weeping  willow  of  crystal  drops  illuminated  with  fire- 
works that  kindled  the  cloud  of  mist  until  it  resembled  showers 
of  many  colored  gems. 

1843.  — A  submarine  telegraph  connected  New  York  with  Fire 
Island  and  Coney  Island. 

A  patent  for  a  sewing  machine  that  made  a  lasting  stitch 
was  granted  to  a  resident  of  the  city. 

1844.  — An  enormous  immigration  poured  in  from  Ireland  and  other 
European  countries,  in  consequence  of  famine  and  political 
disturbances. 

1845.  — A  disastrous  fire  occurred,  which  destroyed  a  large  amount 
of  property. 

1846.  — The  first  granite-block  pavement  was  laid. 

1847.  — The  first  successful  type-revolving  press  was  made  by  a 
resident  of  the  city. 

The  Board  of  Education  took  action  in  reference  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  Free  Academy.  This  was  the  first  institution, 
maintained  at  the  public  expense,  by  which  t  he  pupils  of  the 


(Hi  HAT  Kit  NKW  YOU  fx. 


249 


New  York  schools  could  secure  the  advantages  of  those  higher 
departments  of  learning,  usually  obtained  at  great  expense  in 
the  colleges. 

1848.  — The  first  Electric  Telegraph  Service  was  inaugurated. 

1849.  — The  "  Astor  Place  Riot "  occurred. 

The  New  York  Press  Association  was  formed. 

The  phenomenon  of  spirit-rapping  caused  much  excitement. 

1850.  — P.  T.  Barnum  introduced  Jenny  Lind  to  an  enraptured 
audience. 

An  Arctic  expedition  sailed  from  New  York  in  search  of 
Franklin. 

The  American  Bible  Union  was  organized. 

1851.  — Kossuth,  the  Hungarian  patriot,  visited  the  city  and  re- 
ceived an  enthusiastic  welcome. 

The  New  York  Times  appeared. 

1853.  — An  International  World's  Fair  was  held  in  the  Crystal  Pal- 
ace. 

The  New  York  Clearing-] louse  was  organized  by  fifty-two 
of  the  city  banks. 

1854.  — The  Astor  Library  was  opened  to  the  public. 

1855.  — Castle  Garden  was  utilized  as  a  receiving-depot  for  immi- 
grants. 

The  ground  for  Central  Park  was  selected  by  commissioners 
appointed  by  the  Supreme  Court. 

1857.  — An  unsuccessful  attempt  to  lay  the  Atlantic  Cable  was  made, 
the  wire  parting  when  but  three  hundred  and  thirty-four  miles 
had  been  paid  out. 

1858.  — The  successful  laying  of  the  Atlantic  Cable  was  announced, 
and  celebrated  by  public  demonstration. 

Crystal  Palace  was  burned. 

The  voice  of  Adelina  Patti  was  heard  for  the  first  time  in 
public.  The  cantatrice  had  not  then  attained  her  seven- 
teenth year. 

lSOO. — The  secession  of  South  Carolina  caused  much  consternation 
in  business  circles. 

The  Prince  of  Wales  and  his  suit  were  welcomed  with  el.il> 
Oiato  ceremony. 

The  Japanese  Embassy  visited  the  city. 


250 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1861. — Central  Park  was  opened  to  the  public. 

The  banks  having  loaned  enormous  sums  of  money  to  the 
Government,  suspended  specie  payments,  after  the  attack 
upon  Fort  Sumter. 

1863. — A  draft  in  progress  in  the  Ninth  District,  caused  a  riot 
among  foreign  laborers,  who  attacked  the  recruiting  office, 
destroyed  the  wheel,  scattered  the  lists,  and  set  the  building 
on  fire.  As  the  militia  had  been  sent  to  Philadelphia  to  re- 
sist a  Confederate  invasion,  the  police  were  unaided,  and  could 
not  surpress  the  demonstration  for  several  days.  One  hundred 
persons  were  killed,  and  a  large  amount  of  property  was 
destroyed. 

1865. — News  of  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  and  the  Confederate 
Army  caused  great  rejoicing.  Banners  streamed  in  the  wind, 
the  national  colors  were  displayed  in  great  profusion,  sweet 
bells  chimed  the  airs  of  peace,  the  sound  of  cannon  rolled  over 
the  water  of  the  rivers  and  the  bay,  and  the  atmosphere  was 
filled  with  the  general  gladness  and  mirth  of  the  people. 

One  week  from  the  time  when  peace  was  restored  to  the 
country,  the  body  of  President  Lincoln  was  laid  in  state  in  the 
City  Hall,  the  "  Savior  of  his  Country  "  having  been  shot  by 
an  assassin  while  in  his  box  at  the  theatre  in  Washington.  The 
tri-colored  decorations  of  the  city  were  at  once  exchanged  for 
the  sombre  hues  of  woe. 

1867. — In  January,  five  thousand  persons  crossed  over  a  bridge  of 
ice  that  had  formed  in  the  East  River  between  New  York  and 
Brooklyn. 

A  short  experimental  section  of  the  Ninth  Avenue  Elevated 
Railroad  was  opened  for  travel. 

1869.  — The  American  Museum  of  Natural  Hi-story  was  incorpo- 
rated. 

The  Telegraph  Messenger  Service  was  organized. 

1870.  — The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  received  its  charter. 

1872.  — A  committee  of  seventy  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  ex- 
tent of  the  depredations  made  by  Tweed  aud  his  "  Ring,"  and 
to  bring  those  criminals  to  justice. 

1873.  — The  business  interests  of  the  city  were  paralyzed  by  a 
panic  of  unusual  severity. 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


251 


Morrisania,  "West  Farms  and  Kingsbridge,  three  Tillages 
that  covered  an  area  nearly  doubling  that  of  the  city,  were  an 
nexed. 

The  city  charter  was  amended,  and  many  important  modi- 
fications were  made  on  previous  enactments. 

1875.  — Fourth  Avenue  was  improved  at  a  cost  of  six  millions  of 
dollars,  an  expense  shared  equally  by  the  city  and  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  Company. 

1876.  — The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  signing  of  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence,  celebrated  by  a  World's  Fair  at  Phila- 
delphia, brought  many  visitors  to  the  city.  Exhibit  ions  of 
loaned  paintings,  held  in  the  Academy  of  Design  and  the  Met 
ropolitan  Museum  of  Art  during  the  summer  season,  made 
the  year  a  memorable  one  to  the  lovers  of  fine  art. 

Hell  Gate  channel  was  opened. 

1878.  — The  streets  were  lighted  by  electric  arelamps. 

1879.  — The  Central  Station  Telephone  service  was  put  in  opera 
tion. 

1880.  — Four  elevated  railroad  lines  were  completed,  and  in  opera 
tion. 

1881.  — The  city,  with  the  nation,  was  called  to  mourn  the  death 
of  President  Garfield,  who  was  assassinated  in  Washington  by 
an  insane  person. 

The  current  was  first  turned  on  for  the  Incadescent  Lamp 
Service. 

Four  hnndred  and  forty-four  newspapers  and  periodicals 
were  published. 

1883. — East  River  Bridge  was  opened  to  the  public. 

The  statue  of  Washington,  now  standing  upon  the  steps  of 
the  Sub-Treasury  Building  in  Wall  Street,  was  presented  to  the 
United  States  Government  by  the  New  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, on  the  occasion  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  British  evacuation  of  New  York. 

1H88. — The  city  was  visited  by  a  storm  of  wind  and  snow  that  for 
several  days  shut  off  almost  all  communication  with  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  resulted  in  much  Buffering  and  man] 
deaths. 

1889. — An  elaborate  pageant,  commemorating  the  first  inaugura- 


252 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


tion  of  a  President  of  the  United  States,  arrayed  New  York 
in  holiday  attire,  and  provided  for  its  citizens  three  days  of 
patriotic  display  and  memorable  pleasure. 

1890.  — The  Legislature  created  by  special  act  a  commission  of 
eleven  men  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  consolidating  into 
one  great  municipality  the  City  of  New  York  and  various 
towns  containing  its  suburbs. 

An  enumeration  made  by  the  police,  under  the  unanimous 
resolution  of  the  Common  Council,  showed  the  population  of 
New  York  city  in  1890  to  have  been  1,770,715. 

The  credit  obtained  by  the  city  was  illustrated  by  an  achieve- 
ment never  before  reached  in  the  history  of  municipal  finance, 
bonds  bearing  interest  at  two  and  one-half  per  cent,  having 
been  sold  in  the  open  market  at  a  premium  of  one  and  one- 
eighth  per  cent. 

A  "strike"  by  the  engineers  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  closed  transportation  over  that  route  for  several  days. 

1891.  — A  Cable  Railroad  was  laid  from  the  Battery  to  Central  Park. 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre  burned. 

Edwin  Booth  played  "Hamlet"  in  Brooklyn,  and  bade 
farewell  to  the  stage  forever. 

Ground  broken  for  the  Grant  Monument. 
Beecher  Statue  unveiled  in  Brooklyn. 
Memorial  meeting  in  honor  of  Parnell. 
Attempt  to  assassinate  Russell  Sage. 

1892.  — Hotel  Royal  burned.    Great  loss  of  life. 

Rev.  Dr.  Chas.  H.  Parkhurst  opens  his  crusade  against  vice 
and  blackmail— the  crusade  whjch  produced  the  Lexow  inves- 
tigation and  the  revolutionizing  of  the  city  government. 

Corner-stone  of  the  Grant  Monument  laid  by  President  Har- 
rison. 

Actor's  Fund  Fair  opened  in  Madison  Square  Garden. 
Mass-meeting  held  to  endorse  Dr.  Parkhurst's  Crusade. 
Cyrus  W.  Field  died. 

Metropolitan  Opera  House  almost  destroyed  by  fire. 
Twenty  days  quarantine  against  cholera  proclaimed. 
Great  Italian  Demonstration  in  celebration  of  the  twenty- 
first  anniversary  of  United  Italy. 


(UiKATFAi   XEW  YORK. 


253 


Celebrations  of  Discovery  of  America  ( Military  Pageant, 
October  12th). 
Death  of  Jay  Gould. 

Corner-stone  of  Protestant  Episcopal  Cathedral  of  St.  John 
the  Divine  laid  with  imposing  ceremonies, 

1893.  — Governor  Flower  signed  bill  authorizing  the  purchase  of 
Fire  Island  for  quarantine  purposes. 

Public  honors  to  the  Duke  of  Veragua,  descendant  of  Chris 
topher  Columbus. 

International  Naval  Parade  in  honor  of  Columbus. 
Columbian  Street  Parade. 

Princess  Eulalie,  representing  Spanish  Government,  received 
w  ith  honors. 

Peary  Relief  Expedition  sails  from  New  York. 

Collision  on  New  York  and  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad  ; 
sixteen  persons  killed,  fifty  injured. 

International  Yacht  Races  off  New  York.  American  Vig- 
ilant defeats  British  Valkyrie. 

Statue  of  Nathan  Hale  unveiled  in  City  Hall  Park  by  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 

1894.  — Greater  New  Y'ork  Bill  (submitting  the  question  to  popular 
vote)  signed  by  the  Governor. 

Dr.  Talmage's  Tabernacle  in  Brooklyn  totally  destroyed  by 
fire. 

New  York  and  New  Jersey  Bridge  Bill  signed  by  President 
Cleveland. 

Tugboat  Nichol  foundered  off  Sandy  Hook.  Forty-two 
lives  lost. 

1895.  — Beginning  of  .great  Trolley  Strike  in  Brooklyn,  which  led 
to  the  calling  out  of  8,000  State  Troops  to  preserve  order. 

Miss  Anna  Gould  married  to  Count  Ernest  Castellane. 

Harlem  Ship  Canal  opened  with  ceremonies. 

Fire,  Broadway  and  Bleecker  Street.    Loss  $1,000,000. 

Miss  Consuelo  Vanderbilt  married  to  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough in  St.  Thomas'  Church. 

Loving  cup  presented  at  Garden  Theatre,  to  Joseph  Jeffer- 
son by  his  fellow  actors. 

1896.  — A  bill  was  introduced  in  the  legislature  providing  for  the 


254 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


consolidation  of  the  counties  of  New  York,  Kings  and  Rich- 
mond, and  a  part  of  Queens.    The  governor  approved  the  bill 
on  May  11th,  and  it  became  a  law. 
1897. — The  Greater  New  York  charter  was  adopted  by  the  legis- 
lature. 

The  Grant  Monumental  Tomb  was  on  April  27th  transferred 
to  the  city  of  New  York  and  dedicated. 


GENERAL  [IISTOKY    SOCIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


The  appearance,  customs,  and  manners  of  the  people  who  oc- 
cupied Manhattan  Island  before  the  coming  of  the  white  settlers 
were  so  distinct  from  those  of  other  nations  known  to  the  civilized 
world,  and  their  individual  character  had  so  little  in  common  with 
the  more  restrained  and  law-abiding  Europeans,  that  they  were 
classed  among  those  wild  and  lawless  races  who,  it  was  supposed, 
had  few  of  the  affections  and  higher  emotions  of  humanity.  Later 
experience,  however,  has  shown  that  under  the  advantages  of 
education  and  moral  culture  the  American  Indian  is  capable  of 
high  attainments  in  all  that  distinguishes  the  best  traits  of  human 
character. 

The  huts  or  wigwams  of  these  Aborigines  were  made  of  two 
rows  of  upright  saplings,  with  the  branches  brought  together  at 
the  top.  Upon  this  frame-work  a  lathing  of  boughs  was  fastened, 
and  the  inside  was  nicely  covered  by  strips  of  bark  that  afforded  a 
good  protection  from  wind  and  rain.  The  ground  was  the  only 
flooring  these  habitations  contained,  and  on  this  tires  were  kindled, 
the  smoke  escaping  through  an  aperture  in  the  roof.  The  width  of 
the  wigwams  was  always  twenty  feet,  the  length  varied  according 
to  the  number  of  persons  that  they  were  designed  to  accommodate. 
Sometimes  twenty  or  thirty  families  occupied  the  same  apartment, 
each  retaining  an  allotted  space.  In  time  of  war  a  fence  or  stock- 
ade, from  ten  to  fifteen  feet  in  height,  protected  the  villages. 

The  Manhattan  Indians  are  described  as  having  been  tall,  small 
at  the  waist,  with  black  or  dark-brown  eyes,  snow-white  teeth  and 
cinnamon-colored  skins.  They  were  active  and  sprightly,  though 
probably  of  lees  average  strength  than  Europeans  of  the  same  size. 
While  eating  they  sat  upon  the  ground,  taking  the  food  with  their 
fingers.  In  their  dress  they  were  fond  of  display,  both  sexes  in- 
dulging in  this  taste  to  an  extravagant  degree.  Some  of  the  highly- 


256 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


ornamented  petticoats  of  the  women  were  sold  to  the  early  settlers 
for  eighty  dollars.  The  men  wore  upon  their  shoulders  a  mantle 
of  deer-skin,  with  the  fur  next  to  their  bodies,  the  outside  of  the 
garment  exhibiting  a  variety  of  painted  designs.  Sometimes  these 
queer  people  decorated  themselves  with  many  colors.  In  "full 
paint "  they  were  both  grotesque  and  frightful.  The  procurement 
of  food,  which  consisted  of  nuts,  fruit,  fish,  and  game,  was  the 
usual  employment  in  time  of  peace.  The  bow  and  arrow  were  the 
implements  used  in  hunting.  It  is  said  that  the  Indian  boys  at- 
tained great  skill  with  these  weapons.  This  singular  expertuess 
was  a  wonder  to  the  white  settlers,  who  sometimes  excited  emula- 
tion among  them  by  tossing  up  a  purse  of  money  to  be  claimed  by 
whoever  could  hit  it  in  the  air. 

After  death  the  Indians  were  placed  sitting  in  graves  that  were 
lined  with  boughs  and  covered  with  stones  and  earth.  By  their 
side  were  deposited  cooking  utensils,  money,  and  food,  in  order 
t  hat  the  spirit  might  want  for  nothing  on  its  journey  to  the  "  Happy 
Hunting  Grounds." 

The  original  name  for  the  Manhattan  Island  was  Monaton,  a 
word  descriptive  of  the  whirlpool  at  Hell  Gate— the  most  striking 
geographical  feature  of  the  region— and  the  appellation  by  which 
the  earliest  inhabitants  designated  themselves  was  "  Mon-a-tuns," 
or  "People  of  the  AVhirlpool."  Manhattan  is  the  Anglicized  term. 

FROM  1613  TO  1664. 

Some  of  the  early  settlers  adopted  the  bark  cabins  of  the  savages 
while  others  dwelt  temporarily  in  roofed  cellars.  After  a  saw -mill 
had  been  built  near  a  stream  that  emptied  into  the  East  River,  op- 
posite Blackwell's  Island,  these  pioneers  constructed  one-story  log 
dwellings,  the  roofs  of  which  were  thatched  with  straw,  and  the 
chimneys  made  of  wood.  The  windows  admitted  light  through 
oiled  paper. 

As  the  little  town  of  New  Amsterdam  increased  in  size,  its  habi- 
tations assumed  a  more  substantial  and  comfortable  aspect,  tiles, 
shingles,  and  even  brick,  were  used  for  the  most  elaborate  res- 
idences. The  houses  were  built  in  the  Low  Dutch  style,  with  the 
gable  ends  toward  the  street,  the  tops  indented  like  stairs,  the  roofs 


GREATER  NEW  FORK. 


257 


surmounted  by  a  weathercock,  and  the  walls  clamped  with  iron 
designed  in  the  form  of  tetters  (usually  the  initials  of  tin;  proprie- 
tor's name),  and  in  figures  indicating  the  year  when  the  building 
was  erected.  Every  house  was  surrounded  with  a  garden  in  which 
both  Mowers  and  vegetables  were  cultivated.  Cows  and  swine 
were  abundant,  but  horses  wen;  very  rare.  Inside,  the  floors  were 
strewn  with  clean  sand.  Cupboards  and  chests  that  held  the  pew- 
ter plate,  or  household  linen,  were  the  main  ornaments  of  the  best 
room,  and  as  wealth  increased,  some  of  these  displayed  china  tea 
sets  and  pieces  of  solid  silver. 

According  to  Lossing  :  "  Clocks  and  watches  were  almost  uii- 
kuown,  and  time  was  measured  by  sun-dials  and  hour-glasses. 
The  habits  of  the  people  were  so  regular  that  they  did  not  need 
clocks  and  watches.  At  nine  o'clock  they  all  said  their  prayers  and 
went  to  bed.  They  arose  at  cock-crowing,  and  breakfasted  before 
sunrise.  Dinner-parties  were  unknown,  but  tea-parties  were  fre- 
quent. These  ended,  the  participants  went  home  in  time  to  attend 
to  the  milking  of  the  cows.  In  every  house  were  spinning-wheels, 
and  it  was  the  pride  of  every  family  to  have  an  ample  supply  of 
home-made  linen  and  woolen  cloth.  The  women  spun  and  wove 
and  were  steadily  employed.  Nobody  was  idle.  Nobody  w  is 
anxious  to  get  rich  while  all  practised  thrift  and  frugality.  Books 
were  rare  luxuries,  and  in  most  houses  the  Bible  and  prayer-book 
constituted  the  stock  of  literature.  The  weekly  discourses  of  the 
clergyman  satisfied  their  intellectual  wants,  while  their  own  hands, 
industriously  employed,  furnished  all  their  physical  necessities. 
Knitting  and  spinning  held  the  place  of  whist  and  music  in  these 
"degenerate  days,"  and  utility  was  as  plainly  stamped  upon  all 
their  labors  and  pleasures  as  is  the  maker's  name  on  our  silver 
spoons.  These  were  the  "  good  old  days"  of  simplicity,  compar- 
ative innocence,  and  positive  ignorance,  when  the  "commonalty" 
no  more  suspected  the  earth  of  the  caper  of  turning  over  like  a  ball 
of  yarn  every  day  than  Stuyvesant  did  the  Puritans  of  candor  and 
honesty." 

Most  of  the  streets  were  paved  to  the  width  of  ten  feet  from  the 
fronts  of  the  houses,  the  middle  space  containing  public  wells,  and 
being  left  without  pavement  for  the  more  easy  absorption  of 
water.    Brick  pathways,  called  "  strookes, "  were  laid  in  place  of 


258 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


sidewalks.  Public  markets  were  quite  numerous,  the  supply  hav- 
ing been  received  from  the  fertile  section  of  country  on  the  north- 
ern portion  of  the  Island,  where  the  farmers  located  a  village 
called  New  Harlem.  The  road  to  this  settlement  was  little  more 
than  an  Indian  trail  leading  through  the  woods,  and  became  im- 
passable in  many  seasons. 

As  to  the  character  of  these  founders  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
they  were  deliberate,  but  determined.  Much  time  was  spent  in 
examining  every  project  before  it  was  ventured  upon,  but  when 
once  undertaken  it  was  carried  out  with  a  spirit  of  force  and  per- 
sistence to  which  later  generations  are  deeply  indebted. 

With  regard  to  the  people  of  Holland,  Mrs.  Martha  Lamb,  in 
her  "History  of  New  York,"  asserts  :  "In  no  country  were  the 
domestic  and  social  ties  of  life  discharged  with  greater  preci- 
sion. It  matters  not  that  chroniclers  have  made  the  Dutch  subjects 
of  unmerited  depreciation.  It  has  been  stated  that  they  were  char- 
acterized only  by  slowness  ;  and  that  the  land  was  barren  of  inven- 
tion, progress  or  ideas.  The  seeds  of  error  and  prejudice  thus 
sown  bear  little  fruit  after  the  reading  of  a  few  chapters  of  genu- 
ine contemporary  personal  description.  As  a  rule,  the  Hollanders 
were  not  inclined  to  take  the  initiative  in  trade  or  politics,  and 
were  distinguished  for  solidity  rather  than  brilliancy  ;  but  it  is  ab- 
surd to  say  they  were  unequal  to  the  origination  of  any  new  thing. 
"We  find  among  them  many  of  the  most  illustrious  men  of  modern 
Europe — politicians,  warriors,  scholars,  artists  and  divines.  Wealth 
was  widely  di (fused  ;  learning  was  held  in  high  respect  ;  and  elo- 
quence, courage  and  public  spirit  were  characteristic  of  the  race. 
For  nearly  a  century  after  the  Dutch  Republic  took  its  place 
among  independent  nations,  it  swayed  the  balance  of  European 
politics  ;  and  the  acumen  and  cult  ure  of  the  leading  statesmen 
elicited  universal  deference  and  admiration.  For  an  index  to  the 
private  life  of  the  upper  classes,  we  need  to  take  a  peep  into  the 
richly-furnished  apartments  of  their  stately  mansions,  or  walk 
through  their  summer-houses  and  choice  conservatories  and  famous 
picture  galleries.  As  for  the  peasantry,  they  were  neat  to  a  fault, 
and  industrious  as  well  as  frugal." 

It  will  not  be  amiss  in  this  connection  to  quote  from  the  his- 
torian, Broadhead,  who  says  about  the  women  of  Holland  ;  "  The 


(Hi  KATE  It  A  All'  YORK. 


purity  of  morals  and  (lecorum  of  manners,  for  which  the  Dutch 
have  ever  been  conspicuous,  may  he  most  justly  ascribed  to  the 
happy  influence  of  their  women,  who  mingled  In  all  the  active  af- 
fairs of  life,  and  were  consulted  with  deferential  respect.  They 
loved  their  homes  and  their  firesides,  but  they  loved  their  country 
more.  Through  all  their  toils  and  Struggles,  the  calm  forti- 
tude of  the  men  of  Holland  was  nobly  encouraged  and  sustained 
by  the  earnest  and  undaunted  spirit  of  their  mothers  and  wives. 
And  the  empire  which  the  female  sex  obtained  was  DO  greater  than 
that  which  their  beauty,  good  sense,  virtue  and  devotion  entitled 
them  to  hold." 

FROM  1664  TO  1770. 

The  advent  of  the  British  brought  about  many  beneficial 
changes  in  the  social  life  of  the  Island.  Not  only  were  English 
habits  incorporated  into  the  less  ambitious  character  of  the  Dutch 
inhabitants,  but  the  settlement  of  many  Huguenot  families  of  dis- 
tinction aided  materially  to  produce  an  atmosphere  of  culture.  Ir- 
repressible social,  political  and  religious  forces  were  sweeping  over 
the  great  nations  of  Europe,  and  imbuing  the  immigrants  who 
sought  our  shores  with  a  spirit  which  was  to  work  out  undreamed 
of  results.  Founded  upon  Dutch  stubbornness,  integrity  and 
practicality— supplemented  by  English  inflexibility,  sagacity  and 
commercial  prosperity,  and  adorned  by  French  refinement  and 
vivacity — it  is  no  wonder  that  later  generations  arose  to  promi- 
nence, acquired  the  independence  of  character  that  could  success- 
fully resist  oppression,  and  developed  the  ability  to  aid  in  founding 
and  maintaining  a  new  and  marvelously  prosperous  nation. 

As  early  as  1GG8  a  social  club,  composed  of  the  best  Dutch, 
English  and  French  families,  was  established.  Meetings  were 
held  twice  every  week  at  the  different  houses,  the  members  coming 
together  about  (5,  and  separating  at  9  o'clock  in  the  evening.  The 
English  governors  and  their  suites  held  elaborate  court,  observing 
on  all  occasions  the  strictest  etiquette  sanctioned  by  foreign  custom. 
Chroniclers  love  to  dwell  on  this  period  of  colonial  history,  iu 
which  the  grand  dames  and  lordly  gentlemen  appear  in  bold  relief, 
not  only  because  they  were  BO  few,  but  also  for  the  reason  that 
they  were  of  the  brightest  and  best  that  the  earth  afforded. 


260 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Quite  a  number  of  these  personages  brought  with  them  consid- 
erable wealth,  so  that  their  residences  became  somewhat  palatial, 
and  adorned  with  furniture  and  works  of  art  imported  from 
Europe.  Silver  and  gold  plate,  elaborate  table  service  and  profuse 
entertainment  made  New  York  hospitality  famous  even  in 
European  circles.  Many  families  retired  to  country  homes,  where 
they  lived  in  quiet  but  elegant  simplicity,  cultivating  their  farms, 
and  entertaining  with  delightful  courtesy  their  visitors  from  the 
city  or  from  European  countries. 

The  manners  and  customs  of  the  less  favored  class  of  citizens 
were  marked  by  industry,  sobriety  and  economy.  At  their  festi- 
vals children  and  negroes  were  permitted  the  enjoyment  of  unre- 
strained mirth.  Sunday  gowns  were  removed  as  soon  as  their  own- 
ers returned  from  church,  and  consequently  were  kept  in  a  state  of 
preservation  which  made  it  possible  to  hand  them  down  as  heir- 
looms. Cocked  hats  were  treated  with  the  same  deferential  regard. 
To  illustrate  the  extreme  simplicity  of  habit  which  prevailed 
among  the  people  of  this  generation,  it  is  only  necessary  to  add 
that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Laidlie  preached  "right  lustily  against  the  lux- 
urious abominations  of  suppers  of  chocolate  and  bread  that  kept 
the  families  till  9  o'clock  at  night."  This  same  preacher  was  the 
first  divine  who  introduced  the  "outlandish  practice  of  deliver- 
ing his  sermon  in  English." 

The  laws  at  this  period  were  few,  but  rigorously  enforced.  A 
ride  on  a  great  wooden  horse  was  the  most  common  punishment. 
Every  man  pleaded  his  own  cause,  or,  what  was  more  common, 
said  little  and  let  it  take  its  own  course.  The  only  long  speech  on 
record  is  that  of  a  certain  pettifogger,  who,  in  pleading  for  the 
right  of  geese  to  swim  in  the  pond  at  the  head  of  "Nieuw  "  Street, 
did  "  incontinently  cause  his  client  to  be  non-suited,  by  tiring  his 
worship's  patience  to  such  a  degree  that  he  fell  into  a  deep  sleep 
and  slept  out  the  remainder  of  the  term."  ^ 

The  customs  and  dress  of  the  period  immediately  preceding  the 
Revolution  are  best  described  by  Mrs.  Lamb,  as  follows:  "  Show 
and  glitter  marked  the  distinctions  in  society.  Dress  was  one  of 
the  signs  and  symbols  of  a  gentleman;  classical  lore  and  ruffled 
shirts  were  inseparable.  It  was  the  habit  of  the  community  to  take 
off  its  hat  to  the  gentry  ;  and  there  was  no  mistaking  them  where- 


GREATER  NEW  YOttK. 


201 


ever  they  moved.  Servants  were  always  in  livery,  which  in  many 
instances  was  gorgeous  in  the  extreme.  Gentlemen  appeared  in 
the  streets  in  velvet  or  satin  coats,  with  white  embroidered  vesta 
of  rare  beauty,  small  clothes  and  gorgeously  resplendent  buckles, 
and  their  heads  crowned  with  powdered  wigs  and  cocked  hats.  A 
lady's  toilet  was  equally  astounding;  the  court  hoop  was  in  vogue, 
brocaded  silks  of  brilliant  colors,  and  a  mountain  of  powdered 
hair  surmounted  with  flowers  or  feathers.  Although  it  is  a  fact 
worthy  of  remembrance  that  servants  were  servants  in  those  days, 
and  never  assumed  to  copy  or  excel  their  mistresses  in  the  style 
and  costliness  of  their  attire,  the  democratic  hammer  already  BUS 
pended  over  the  doomed  city  was  to  subdue  the  taste  and  change 
the  whole  aspect  of  the  empire  of  fashion." 

At  the  time  of  the  war,  "  Washington's  guard  wore  blue  coats 
faced  with  buff,  red  waistcoats,  buckskin  breeches,  black  felt  hats 
bound  with  white  tape,  and  bayonet  and  body  belts  of  white. 
Hunting  shirts — 'the  martial  aversion  of  the  red-coat' — with 
breeches  of  same;  with  cloth  gaiter-fashion  about  the  legs,  were 
seen  on  every  side,  and  being  convenient  garments  for  a  campaign 
ing  country,  were  soon  adopted  by  the  British  themselves.  This 
was  the  origin  of  the  modern  trouser  or  pantaloon." 

FROM  1783  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 

After  the  evacuation  of  the  British  and  the  restoration  of  peace, 
the  city  occupied  itself  incessantly  with  the  work  of  reconstruction. 
During  the  residence  of  the  chief  executive  the  same  punctilious 
ceremony  was  observed  that  had  marked  the  English  occupancy. 
The  staid  Knickerbocker  element  also  dominated  sufficiently  to 
hold  in  check  many  tendencies  that  grew  with  marvelous  rapidity 
under  the  stimulus  of  newly  acquired  independence  and  the  fric- 
tion of  a  cosmopolitan  life. 

There  is  little  to  relate  of  special  mannerism  from  this  time.  The 
increase  of  population  differentiated  social  life  into  circles,  each  of 
which  preserved  its  special  code,  and  this  tendency  has  of  course 
increased  until  the  present  time,  when  innumerable  cliques  separ- 
ate societ3T,  or  draw  together  those  whose  temperaments  and  occu- 
pations make  thorn  congenial  to  each  other. 


262 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


The  commercial  development  of  the  metropolis  during  the  pre- 
sent  century  is  a  subject  upon  which  volumes  might  be  written  and 
the  half  not  told ;  indeed,  the  history  of  this  period  contains  little 
else,  although  educational  institutions  have  kept  pace  with  the 
phenomenal  prosperty.  Efforts  to  encourage  scholarship  have 
been  many  and  well  founded ;  the  patronage  of  art  has  been  liberal, 
has  advanced  steadily,  and  tends  permanently  to  elevate  the 
public  taste. 


DUTCH  DWELLINGS  IN  NEW  AMSTERDAM. 


THE  GREATER   NKW  YORK. 


The  Greateb  New  York  includes  the  County  of  Kings,  the 
County  of  Richmond  (Staten  Island),  Long  [sland  City,  the  towns 
of  Newtown,  Flushing  and  Jamaica,  and  that  part  of  the  town  of 
Hempstead  in  the  County  of  Queens  which  is  westerly  of  a  straight 
line  drawn  from  the  southeasterly  point  of  the  town  of  Flushing 
through  the  middle  of  the  channel  between  Rockaway  Beach  and 
Shelter  Island  in  the  County  of  Queens  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  as 
well  as  old  Newr  York  which  had  been  enlarged  in  1873  by  the 
addition  of  Morrisania,  West  Farms  and  Kings  Bridge,  and  in 
1895  by  the  annexation  of  West  Chester,  East  Chester,  Pelhamand 
City  Island,  all  parts  of  Westchester  County.  The  population  of 
Greater  New  York  is  about  3,400,000.  This  is  larger  than  that  of 
any  other  city  in  the  world  except  London  which  has  5, GOO, 000. 
Paris  which  ranks  third  has  2,400,000.  The  water  front  of  Greater 
New  York  is  353  miles,  most  of  it  within  New  York  Harbor.  No 
large  city  on  earth  has  anything  like  the  facilities  for  accommo- 
dating commerce  that  this  water  front  affords.  The  assessed  val- 
uation of  the  real  estate  in  the  consolidated  city  is  about  $2,153,- 
000,000  (assessed  at  sixty-three  per  cent.),  and  its  bonded  debt  ap- 
proximately .$220,000,000. 

Andrew  II.  Green,  who  was  the  President  of  the  Municipal  Con 
solidation  Inquiry  Commission  created  by  the  Legislature  in  isi»0. 
has  often  been  called  the  Father  of  the  Greater  Xew  York.  The 
bill  submitting  the  matter  to  public  ballot  in  the  section  affected 
was  signed  by  the  Governor  in  1894,  and  the  vote  was  taken  in 
November  of  that  year.  The  result  was  favorable  to  the  project, 
save  in  West  Chester,  the  City  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  the  town  of 
Flushing.  No  action  was  taken  by  the  Legislature  of  1K95,  but  in 
189C  the  law  makers,  after  having  the  subject  further  investigated 
by  a  joint  committee,  passed  a  statute  declaring  the  territory  eon 
BOlidated,  bul  leaving  municipal  governments  as  they  wen-  till  a 

263 


264 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


charter  commission  should  have  framed  and  the  Legislature  should 
have  enacted,  a  charter  for  the  whole  territory.  This  law  pre- 
vailed over  the  veto  of  the  Mayor  of  New  York,  and  the  veto  of 
the  Mayor  of  Brooklyn.  Seth  Low,  Beuj.  F.  Tracy,  John  F. 
Dillon,  Thomas  F.  Gilroy,  Stewart  L.  "Woodford,  Silas  B.  Dutcher, 
William  C.  DeWitt,  George  M.Piimey,  Jr. ,  and  Garrett  J.  Garretson 
were  appointed  commissioners  by  Gov.  Morton.  Their  colleagues, 
named  in  the  bill,  were  Andrew  IT.  Green,  State  Engineer  Camp- 
bell W.  Adams,  Attorney- General  Theodore  E.  Hancock,  Mayor 
William  L.  Strong  of  New  York,  Mayor  Frederick  W.  Wurster 
of  Brooklyn,  and  Mayor  Patrick  J.  Gleason  of  Long  Island  City. 
These  fifteen  men  framed  the  charter  which  was  adopted  by  the 
Legislature,  with  some  important  changes.  The  charter  was  vetoed 
by  Mayor  Strong,  but  was  signed  by  Mayor  Wurster  and  Mayor 
Gleason.  It  was  repassed  over  Strong's  veto,  and  became  a  law  by 
the  signature  of  Governor  Black. 

The  law  makes  the  City  of  New  York  the  successor  corporation 
of  all  municipal  and  public  corporations  within  the  territory  named 
above,  inheriting  all  their  debts  and  obligations,  all  their  funds, 
and  all  their  public  buildings.  An  exception  is  made  of  the  court- 
house and  county  buildings  of  Queens  County,  because  all  of 
Queens  is  not  annexed  to  New  York,  although  these  buildings  are 
in  the  section  that  is  annexed. 

For  govern  menial  purposes  Greater  New  York  is  subdivided 
into  boroughs  as  follows  : 

The  Borough  of  Manhattan. — All  that  portion  of  the  city 
known  as  Manhattan  Island,  Nuttin  or  Governor's  Island,  Bedloe's 
Island,  Bucking  or  Ellis  Island,  the  Oyster  Islands,  and  Black- 
well's,  Randall's,  and  Ward's  islands  in  the  East  or  Harlem  rivers. 

The  Borough  of  the  Bronx. — All  that  portion  of  the  city  ly- 
ing northerly  or  easterly  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan,  between 
the  Hudson  River  and  the  East  River  or  Long  Island  Sound,  in- 
cluding the  several  islands  belonging  to  the  old  city  of  New  York. 

The  Borough  of  Brooklyn. — All  the  territory  in  the  city  of 
Brooklyn  before  consolidation  (all  Kings  County). 

The  Borouoh  of  Richmond. — Staten  Island. 

The  Borough  of  Queens. — All  the  territory  of  Queens  County 
included  in  the  Greater  New  York,  as  above  outlined. 


GREATER  NEW  FORK. 


265 


The  Mayor  of  the  City  la  elected  In  is«>7,  and  every  four  yean 
thereafter,  and  Is  removable  by  the  Governor  of  the  State  after  i 
hearing.  He  lias  a  qualified  veto  on  all  acts  of  what  is  known  as 
the  Municipal  Assembly,  and  appoints  all  heads  of  Departments. 
These  Heads  of  Depart  incuts  he  may  remove  at  will  during  the 
first  six  months  of  his  term,  but  after  that  only  with  the  written 

approval  of  the  Governor  of  the  State,  and  after  a  hearing.  The 
Mayor  gets  a  salary  of  Si 5,000  a  year.  He  is  ineligible  for  a  sec- 
ond term.  In  the  system  adopted  his  position  corresponds  to  that 
of  t lie  President  of  the  United  States.  The  Municipal  Assembly 
has  t  wo  branches  corresponding  to  the  Senate;  and  House  in  the 
Federal  System.  The  Council  is  made  up  of  twenty-nine  members. 
One  of  these  is  the  president.  He  is  elected  on  a  general  ticket 
by  voters  of  the  whole  city.  The  others  are  sent  by  districts  out- 
lined In  the  law.  There  are  ten  of  these,  and  each  elects  three 
Councilmen,  with  two  exceptions,  the  district  made  up  of  the  Bor- 
ough of  Queens,  and  the  district  made  up  of  the  Borough  of  Rich- 
mond. These  have  two  representatives  each.  The  Councilmen 
get  $1,500  a  year  salary  each.  The  president  gets  $5;000.  The 
Council  corresponds  to  the  United  States  Senate.  Every  ex-mayor 
of  New  York  is  entitled  to  a  scat  in  the  Council,  but  not  to  a  vote. 
The  President  is  Vice-Mayor.  The  Board  of  Aldermen  elected 
in  1S07,  and  every  two  years  thereafter,  corresponds  to  the  House 
of  Representatives.  It  has  one  member  from  each  Assembly  Dis 
trict,  and  each  member  draws  a  salary  of  SI, 000  a  year.  This 
Board  elects  its  own  presiding  officer. 

All  ordinances  or  resolutions  to  become  effective  must  be  passed 
by  a  majority  vote  of  each  house.  In  acts  effecting  the  expendi- 
ture of  money,  the  creation  of  debt,  the  laying  of  an  assessment, 
or  the  grant  of  a  franchise,  the  vote  must  be  three-fourths  of  each 
house.  If  the  Mayor  disapproves  of  any  act,  it.  may  be  passed  over 
his  veto.  In  the  matters  above  specified  a  repassage  demands 
Ave  sixths  of  all  votes  in  each  house.  All  other  measures  may  be 
repassed  by  two-thirds,  as  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

It  is  perhaps  hardly  necessary  to  outline  here  the  powers  granted 
to  the  Municipal  Assembly,  since  these  powers  fixed  by  one  Leg- 
islature may  be  changed  or  revoked  by  any  future  Legislature,  It 


266 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


is  enough  to  say  on  this  point  that  the  purpose  of  the  law  is  to 
leave  a  large  degree  of  self-government  to  the  people  of  the  great 
city. 

The  Administrative  Departments  under  the  Mayor,  as  before  ex- 
plained, are  as  follows  : 
Department  of  Finance. 
Law  Department. 
Police  Department. 

The  Board  of  Public  Improvements,  with  the  Department  of 
Water  Supply.  Department  of  Highways,  Department  of  Street 
Cleaning,  Department  of  Sewers,  Department  of  Public  Buildings, 
Lighting  and  Supplies,  and  Department  of  Bridges,  represented 
therein. 

Department  of  Parks. 

Department  of  Buildings. 

Department  of  Public  Charities. 

Department  of  Correction. 

Fire  Department. 

Department  of  Docks  and  Ferries. 

Department  of  Taxes  and  Assessments. 

Department  of  Education. 

Department  of  Health. 

The  single  exception  to  the  Mayor's  power  of  appointment  and 
removal  is  the  Comptroller,  the  head  of  the  Department  of  Finance, 
who  is  elected  by  the  people  of  the  whole  city  for  four  years  and 
receives  $10,000  per  year.  The  Corporation  Counsel  is  the  head 
of  the  Law  Department  ;  his  salary  is  $15,000  a  3rear.  There  are 
four  Police  Commissioners.  "No  more  than  two  of  said  commis- 
sioners shall,  when  either  of  them  is  appointed,  belong  to  the  same 
political  party,  or  be  of  the  same  political  opinion  on  State  and 
National  politics."  The  salary  of  each  Commissioner  is  $5,000  per 
year.  The  Police  forces  of  all  the  municipal  corporations  of  the 
territory  consolidated,  are  incorporated  into  the  New  York  force. 
The  Police  Board  is  made  bi-partisan,  because  it  has  control  of  all 
the  detail  management  of  elections.  The  Board  of  Public  Improve- 
ments consists  of  the  President  (appointed  by  the  Mayor,  salary 
$8,000)  the  Mayor,  the  Corporation  Counsel,  the  Comptroller,  the 
Commissioner  of  Water  Supply  (salary  $7,500),  the  Commissioner 


GREATER  NEW  YORK, 


2f>7 


of  Highways  (salary  $7,500),  the  Commissioner  of  Street  Cleaning 
(salary  $7,500),  the*  Commissioner  of  Sewers  (salary  $7,600),  the 
Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings,  Lighting  and  Supplies  (salary 
$7,500),  the  Commissioner  of  Bridges  (salary  $7, 500,  having  entire 
control  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge),  and  the  Presidents  of  the  several 
Boroughs,  by  virture  of  their  respective  offices.  The  Mayor,  the 
Corporation  Counsel,  the  Comptroller,  and  the  Presidents  of  the 

several  boroughs  are  not  to  be  counted  as  members  of  the  Hoard 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  if  a  quorum  be  present.  No  Presi- 
dent of  a  Borough  has  a  vote  in  the  Board  except  upon  matters  re- 
lating exclusively  to  the  Borough  of  which  he  is  President. 

Three  Commissioners,  at  a  salary  of  $5,000  per  year  each,  con 
trol  the  Park  Department.  The  Buildings  Board,  also  has  three 
members,  one  supervising  the  Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  the 
Bronx,  another  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  and  a  third  the  Boroughs 
of  Queens  and  Richmond.  The  first  two  get  $7,000  a  year  each  ; 
the  last,  $3,500.  The  Board  of  Public  Charities  has  three  mem- 
bers, one  for  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx  (salary  $7,500),  one  for 
Brooklyn  and  Queens  (salary  $7,500),  and  one  for  Richmond  (salary 
$2,500).  The  Department  of  Correction  is  single-headed,  and  the 
Commissioner's  salary  is  $7,500  a  year.  The  Fire  Department  is 
also  single-headed.  The  salary  of  the  Commissioner  is  $7,500  per 
year.  The  lire  forces  of  all  departments  existing  in  the  consoli- 
dated territory  before  consolidation  are  incorporated  into  the  New 
York  Force.  The  Department,  of  Docks  and  Ferries  has  three 
Commissioners.  Its  President  has  a  salary  of  $(1,000  a  year,  the 
other  members  $5,000.  The  Department  of  Taxes  and  Assess 
ments  has  a  board  of  five  Commissioners.  Its  President  has  a  sal- 
ary of  $8,000  per  year  ;  its  other  members  get  $7,000  each. 

The  Department  of  Education  has  a  mixed  organization.  The 
Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx  together  have  a  school 
Board  of  twenty-one  members  ;  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn  has  one 
of  forty-five  members,  the  Borough  of  Queens  has  one  of  nine  mem- 
bers, and  the  Borough  of  Richmond  has  one  of  nine  members. 
These  all  serve  without  compensation  as  do  the  members  of  the 
general  "Board  of  Education,"  nineteen  in  number;  ten  elected  by 
the  Manhattan  Bronx  Borough  Board  ;  live  elected  by  the  Brooklyn 
Borough  Board  ;  and  the  four  Presidents  of  the  Borough  Boards 


268 


GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


as  above  outlined.  There  is  a  general  Superintendent  elected  by 
the  Board  of  Education,  and  Borough  Superintendents  elected  by 
the  Borough  Boards.  A  Board  of  Examiners  grants  all  teachers' 
certificates  and  furnishes  an  eligible  list  to  the  Borough  Boards 
which  select  teachers  from  that  list  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Borough  superintendents.  The  Department  of  Health  has  a  Con- 
trolling Board,  consisting  of  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Police, 
the  Health  Officer  of  the  Port,  and  three  officers  called  Commis- 
sioners of  Health,  appointed  by  the  Mayor.  The  President  of  this 
Board  gets  $7,500  per  year,  and  the  other  members  $6,000  each. 

There  is  a  Civil  Service  Commission  of  three  or  more  members 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Mayor  and  to  serve  without  salaries.  A 
Bureau  of  Municipal  Statistics  is  provided  for  with  a  chief  to  re- 
ceive a  salary  of  $3,500  per  year.  A  City  Chamberlain  serves  for 
four  years  at  a  salary  of  $12,000  per  annum,  and  has  to  give  bonds 
for  $300,000.  The  Sinking  Fund  Commission  consists  of  the 
Mayor,  the  Comptroller,  the  Chamberlain,  the  President  of  the 
Council,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Alderman.  The  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment,  which 
fixes  the  annual  tax  budget,  is  made  up  of  the  Mayor,  the  Corpora- 
tion Council,  the  Comptroller,  the  President  of  the  Council,  and 
the  President  of  the  Department  of  Taxes  and  Assessments.  • 

The  charter  completely  reorganizes  the  local  courts  of  inferior 
jurisdiction.  Seven  additional  justices  are  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Mayor.  The  document  as  a  whole  is  regarded  as  a  work  reflecting 
credit  upom  its  framers.  It  is.  experimental  in  some  of  its  features, 
particularly  in  adopting  the  bicameral  system  fora  municipal  legis- 
lature. 


[THE  END.] 


I  nt  i  >  i :  x 


PAGE. 

Academy  of  Design  111-113 

Academy  of  Musk-  96,  195 

•  After  Mm-  Hunt  "  (Harnett).. .  78 

Aldrieh  Court    39 

All  Souls'  Episcopal  Church   187 

All  Souls'  Unitarian  Church....  128 

Alt  man's  108 

American  Al*1  Association.   Ill 

American  Bible  Society   92 

American  Institute  Hall  188 

American  Occupation   11 

American  Theai  re   125 

American  Tract  Society  Build- 
ing  59 

American  Yacht  Club  House...  ISO 

Amsterdam  Fort   11 

Appleton  £  Co    107 

Apt  horpe  Mansion  (Demolished) 

164,  169 

Aquarium   is 

Archbishop's  Palace   130 

Army  Building  (U.  S.)   21 

Arnold  (Benedict)   28 

Arnold,  Constable  &  Co   121 

Asbury  M.  E.  Church   00 

"Ascension    of    Christ"  (La 

Farge)    157 

Assay  Office  !   87 

Astor  Building   86 

Astor  Library  83,  85,  152 

Astor  Place  Opera  House   87 

Astor  Residences  1 13,  158 

Astoria  Hotel   156 

Atlantic  Basin  229 

Atlantic  Cable  (Demonstration)  152 

Audubon's  Home   168 

Audubon  Park   108 

Avery  Art  Gallery.    123 

Baker,  Taylor  &  Co   107 

Bank  Of  Commerce   17 

Baptist  Home   188 

Barge  Office  19,  86,  962,  266,  207 

Harnard  College   186 

Barnum's  Ann  Street  Museum..  51 

Barnum's  Hippodrome   118 

Bartholdi,  or  Liberty  Status....  262 

Battery   202 

Battery  Ferries   10 


PASS. 

Battery  Fund  ions  12, 21 

Bat  t  le  Pass  (Scene  of  Pal  I  Is  of 

Long  Island)   281 

Pay  Shore  Drive  282 

Pedloe  s  Island   202 

Beecher's  church   220 

Beeeher's  Statue   228 

Beekman  Mansion  (where  Na- 

than  Hale  was  Tried)   130 

Beet  boven  Bust   231 

Pell  (Gifl  Of  Col.  Abr.  De  Pey- 

ster)  ". .  43 

Belmont   Mansion   157 

Belvedere  (Central  Park)   190 

Bellevue  Hospital  110,  218 

Berkeley  Lyceum   151 

Beth-El  Temple   189 

Bethesda     Fountain  (Central 

Park)   184 

Bible  House   91 

Bible  Society   80 

Black  well's  Island   219 

Block  Houses  11,  193 

Blodget!  Collection  (Metropoli- 
tan Museum)    198 

Blooraingdale  Insane  Asylum.. 

165,  193 

B'nai  Jeshuron  Temple   187 

Board  of  Educat  ion  Building. ...  <d 

Bolivar  Statue  (Equestrian)   191 

Bonds  (First  Issue  by  New  Am- 
sterdam)   216 

Booth  s  ( >ld  Theatre   121 

Bon-el  Building   41 

Botanical  (.aniens   175 

Bowery   81 

Bowery  (Origin  of  Name)   8-J 

Bowery  Branch  V.  M.  C.  A.     .  S2 

Bowery  Theat  re  (Thalia)   89 

Bowling  Green  12,  21,  28 

Bowling' Green  Building   21 

Brick  Church  .V.*,  151 


Br 


57 


Brighton  Peach   884 

Brit  ish  Breast  works   192 

British  Landing  Place  (1778)  ....  210 

Brit  ish  <  >«Vupa1  ion                      .  11 

Brit  ish  Prison  House   13 

Prentano's   105 


269 


270 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Bridge  (N.  Y.  C.  R.  R.)   171 

Broadway   03 

Broadway    (Union    Square  to 

Twenty-third  Street)   107 

Broadway  Tabernacle   123 

Brooklyn    225 

Brooklyn  Bridge  61,  217,  225 

Brooklyn  Institute   232 

Bronx  Park   175 

Bryant  Park   152 

" Bucking  Island  "  (Ellis  Island)  206 

Burns1  Coffee  House   41 

Burns1  Statue  (Robert  Burns). . .  183 

Burr's  Old  Residence   66 

Burr's  Marriage   168 

Butterick  Pattern  House   102 

Cab  and  Coach  Hire   162 

Canal  Street  (Origin  of  Name)..  64 

Carnegie  Music  Hall    126 

Casino  124,  125 

Casino  (Central  Park)   186 

Castle  Garden  16,  18 

Castle  William  (Fort)  210,  211 

Cathedral  (St.  John  tbe  Divine)  165 

Cathedral  (St.  Patrick's)  147 

Catholic  Orphan  Asylum...  136,  147 
Central  National  Bank  Building  64 

Central  Park   180 

Central  Park  (Cost)   180 

Central  Park  (Fund)   181 

Central  Park  (Area)   182 

Central  Park  (Main  Entrance) . .  182 

Central  Police  Station   66 

Century  Club  House   151 

Chamber  of  Commerce   21 

Chapin  Home...    138 

Charter  Synopsis  368-968 

Chatham  Square  75,  76 

Cherry  Street  (Old  Mansion). ...  60 

Chickerrag  Hall   157 

Children's  Shelter   183 

Cholera  Scourge   57 

"  Choosing  the  Bride  "  (Paint- 
ing)  107 

Chronological  Sketch  235-254 

Church  Mission  House   Ill 

(Munch  of  the  Ascension   157 

Church  of  the  Divine  Paternity  150 
Church  of  the  Heavenly  Rest..  150 

Church  of  the  Messiah   130 

Circle  (Central  Park)   162 

City  Departments  263-268 

City  Hall,  Brooklyn  228,  229 

City  Hall,  No.  2   38 

City  Hall,  No.  3  (Present  Struc- 
ture)  38 

City  Hall  Park   54 

City  Hospital  (1775)   56 

City  Island   223 

Claremont   176 

Claremont  Heights  176 


PAGE. 

Clearing-House   44 

Clinton  (Do  Witt)  16,  75,  87 

Clinton  Hall   87 

Coal  and  Iron  Exchange   48 

Cob  Dock  227 

Coenties  Slip  (Jeannette  Park).  216 

Corlears  Hook  217 

Coff  ee  Exchange   40 

Collect  Pond    79 

College  of  Social  Economics.  .99,  101 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York  110 
Collegiate  Church  Corporation.  30 
Collegiate  Dutch  Reformed  So- 
ciety    148,  156 

Columbia  College  54,  87 

Columbia  Restaurant   106 

Columbia  University  (History) 

113,  133,  134 
Columbia   University  Medical 

Department    135 

Columbus  Monument  201 

"Commercial  Advertiser11  Build- 
ing   59 

Commercial  Cable  Building   40 

Commissioners    of  Charities 

Building  81,  222 

Conkling  Statue   118 

Consolidated  Stock  and  Petro- 
leum Exchange   29 

Cooper  Residence    110 

Cooper  Union  (Location)   88 

Cooper  Union  Library,  etc.  .  ..  89 
Cooper  Union  Art  and  Technical 

Schools   91 

Cooper  Union  Assembly  Rooms.  91 

Contoit's  Garden   64 

Conev  Island  231-234 

Constable  Building   107 

Cotton  Exchange   26 

Court  House   56 

Court  House  (Brooklyn)  228,  229 

Cortlandt  Street  Ferry   212 

Cox  Statue  (S.  S.  Cox)    88 

Crystal  Palace   152 

Custom  House   36 

Cycle  Path  (Brooklyn)  231 

Dairy  Kitchen   106 

Dakota  Flats   163 

Dal  v's  Theatre   123 

Darnell's  Store   67 

David's  Island   223 

Deaf  Mutes1  Asylum   138 

Decker  Building  105 

Delmonico's  119,  157 

Delmonico's  (Down  Town)  211 

Democratic  Club  House  148 

Depew's  Home   147 

Di  Cesnola   Collection  (Metro- 
politan Museum)   199 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co   107 

Dodge  Statue  (Wm  E.Dodge)..  124 


ISDKX.  271 


PA<;i:. 

Drexel  Building   86 

Dry  Goods  and  Dept.  Stores....  07 

Dunn  (Farmer  Dunn)   80 

Dutch  Occupation   11 

Dutton'a   ih 

"  Eagle  "  Building  (Brooklyn)...  899 

K.I.  n  Musee   122 

Ehrich  Bros   103 

Ellis  Island  18,  806 

Equitable  Building    42 

Ericsson  Statue   21 

Erie  Basin  (Brooklyn)   888 

Erie  Canal  <  >pening   1(5 

Ethical  Culture  Society   126 

••  Evening  Post  "  Building   49 

ITarragut  Monument   118 

Federal  Building  (Brooklyn)....  229 
Fifth  Avenue,  Tenth  Street  to 

Twenty-third  Street    107 

Fifth  Avenue  Hotel   119 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre   123 

Fifth  Avenue   140 

Fifth  Ave.  Presbyterian  Church  145 

Fire  Headquarters   138 

First  Presbyterian  Church   157 

Five  Points   7(5 

Five  Points  (House  of  Industry)  77 
Five  Points  Mission  (Paradise 

Park)   79 

Fort  Clinton  (Castle  Garden). . .  15 

Fort  Columbus   210 

Fort  Fish  (Revolution)   193 

Fort  Gibson   206 

Fort  Hamilton  213 

Fort  Lafayette   213 

Fort  Wadsworth   213 

Fort  Washington  (Revolution)..  194 

Fort  Wood  204 

Fourt  h  Ave. — Universit  v  Square 
to  Thirty-second  Street.. .  128 

Flood  Rock  221 

Flower  Mission   128 

Flv  Market  K  (ri-in  of  Naino.  216 
Forrest  Macready  Riot  (1849)...  87 

Foundling  Asylum    138 

Fraunces'  Tavern   21 

Franklin  Square  GO,  61 

Franklin  Statue   GO 

Franklin  Station  ("Staats  Zei- 

tong"  Building)   73 

Ereundschaft  Club  House  .      .  139 
Friends*  Meeting  House  Semin- 
ary  96 

Fulton,  Robert,  Ferry-boat   212 

Fulton  Market   49 

Fulton  Kiv.  r  Steamboat  215 


Garibaldi  St  at  ne 
General  Hist  ory 
Gerry  Mansion 


.258-268 
....  143 


Qillenden  Building   41 

Gihnore's  Garden   116 

(Jlen  Island   223 

(ilen  Island  Trip   212 

Globe  Mutual  Life  Building   64 

(ioelet  House   121 

Golden  Hill  (Early  History)   1!) 

Gould  Residence   150 

( iovernor's  Island   20!' 

Governor's  Room   86 

Grace  church   70 

Grace  Memorial  Home   72 

Gra mercy  Park   1<Ki 

(hand  Central  Station   180 

Grand  Street   82 

Grange  (Alexander  Hamilton)..  166 
Grant  Monument  (Description).  178 
Grant  Monument  (Corner  Stone 

Laying)   178 

Grant  Monument  (Dedication)..  178 

Grant  Statue  888 

Grant  Tomb   176 

Grant  to  the  Duke  of  York   12 

Greater  New  York  263-268 

Greeley  Statue   68 

Greenwood  Cemetery  230 

Gubernatorial  Mansion   14 

Guernsey  Building   42 

Gutenberg  Statue  ("Staats  Zei- 

tung  "  Building)   73 

Hahnemann  Hospital  138 

Hamilton  Monument  (Central 

Park)   194 

Hamilton  Tomb   34 

Hamilton  Trees   166 

Hale  Statue  (Nathan)   55 

Hall  of  Records  (Brooklyn).  .888,  828 
Halleck  Statue  (Fit/.  Greene). ..  184 

Harlem  Heights   198 

Harlem  Ship  Canal   172 

Harlem  Speedway   173 

Harper's  Publishing  House. . .  .  GO 

Harper  Residence   160 

Hart's  Island  223 

Havemeyer  Building.   66 

Hebrew 'orphan  Asylum  .  Kit; 

Hearn's  Store   102 

Hell  Gate  220 

"  Herald  "  Building  51,  124 

High  Bridge  173-175 

Holland  Church   156 

Holland  House   166 

Hotel  Brunswick   157 

Hotel  Majestic  .'   179 

Hotel  Savoy   143 

Hoffman  House   122 

Holfman  House  Art  Gallerv  .  123 

Home  Life  Building   03 

House  of  Refuge    888 

Humbol.lt  Statue  182 

Hunt  ington  Mansion  1 15 

Huylers   121 


272 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

"  Inclenburg  "   130 

••Indian  Hunter"  (Statue)  183 

Indians  Massacred    (Cause  of 

Revolt  of  Eleven  Tribes)   218 

Immigrant  Landing   206 

Immigrants  (Castle  Garden  and 

Ellis  Island)   18 

Immigration  Statistics   209 

Iron  Pier  (Coney  Island)  234 

Iron  Steamship  Line  234 

Irving  Bust  (Prospect  Park)....  231 

Irving's  Home   23 

Irving  Place   97 

Irving  Statue   152 

Irving  Place  Theatre.   97 

Jcannette  Park  (Coenties  Slip).  216 

Jefferson  Market   69 

Johnson  Building   40 

Joss  House  (Mott  Street)   81 

"  Journal  "  (The  N.  Y.)   59 

Judson  Memorial   158 

Jumel  Mansion   168 

Juinel  Vault  (Madam  Jumel). ..  168 

Kennedy  House   28 

Keppel's  (Art  Gallery)   123 

King's  Farm   32 

Kip's  Bay   218 

Kip's  Bay  Retreat  (Revolution).  132 
Knickerbocker  Club  House.  ...  156 

Knickerbocker  Inn   23 

Knoedler  (Art  Gallery)   123 

Knowlton's  Death  (Col.  Knowl- 
ton,  Revolution)    168 

Lafavette  Place   83 

Lafayette  Statue  102 

Lake  (Central  Park)   186 

Leake  and  Watt's  Orphan  Asy- 
lum   165 

Le  Boutillier's   114 

Lenox  Library   140 

Lenox  Lyceum   137 

Lexington  Avenue  ,   110 

Libert  v  Island  808 

Liberty  Statue   202 

Life  Building   166 

Lincoln  Statues  101,  231 

Lind  (Jenny  Lind's  Debut)   18 

"Little   Church   Around  the 

Corner  "   157 

Little  Hell  Gate  223 

Long  Island  City   219 

Longmans,  Green  &  Co   107 

Lord's  Court    40 

Lord  &  Taylor   ...  121 

Lotos  Club  House    150 

Lyceum  Theatre   129 

Macmillan  &  Co.    107 

Macy's  Store   102 


PAG  K . 

Madison  Avenue   132 

Madison  Square  Theatre.    ,    .  122 

Madison  Square   114 

Madison  Square  Garden    116 

Madison    Square  Presbyterian 

Church    115 

'•  Mail  and  Express  "  Building  .  59 

Mull  (The)   41 

Mall  (Central  Park)   183 

Manhattan  Club  House    156 

Manhattan  Athletic  Club  House 

133,  134 

Manhattan  Beach  Hotel   234 

Manhattan    Island  Purchased 

11,  12 

Manhattan  Life  Building   29,  30 

Manhattan  State  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum  221 

Manhattan  (The)   132 

Marine  Hospital  227 

Margaret  Louisa  Home.    104 

Masonic  Temple   ...  121 

Matje  Davit's  Flv  (Harlem  Mea- 
dows)  176 

-Mazzini  Statue   201 

McCoinb's  Dam  Bridge   175 

McComb  Mansion   2!) 

McGowan's  Pass  Tavern  

187,  191.  198 

McCreery's  Store  67,  114 

Mercantile  Library   86 

Metropolitan  Club  House   143 

Metropolitan  Hotel   66 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. 187, 195 

Metropolitan  Life  Building   115 

Metropolitan  Opera  House   125 

Middle  Dutch  Church  42,  54 

Military  Headquarters,  U.  S....  210 

Military  Museum   210 

Military  Service  Institution  210 

Mills  Building   86 

Mills  Mansion   147 

Model  Tenement  Houses   60 

Mohawk  Building   107 

Moore  Bust  (Prospect  Park)   231 

Moore's  Statue   182 

Morninuside  Avenue   164 

Morningside  Park  164,  191 

Morris  House  (Jumel  Mansion).  168 

Morse  Building   57 

Morse  Publishing  Company   107 

-Morse  (S.  F.  B.)  Statue   201 

Morse  (S.  F.  B.)  Home   157 

Morse's  Work  38,  159 

Morton  House   72 

Mott  Street  (Chinese Colony). . .  81 

Mt.  Morns  Park   194 

Mt.  St.  Vincent   191 

Mt .  Sinai  Hospital   137 

Municipal  Building  (  Brooklyn) 

228,  229 

Murray  Hill   129 


INDEX 


PAOC. 

Museum  of  Natural  History .  187,  188 
Hut ual  Life  Building.       .. ...  IS 

Bfu1  ual  Reserve  Fund  Life  Build- 
tag   04 


Narrows   213 

Nassau  Street    47 

Naval  Cemetery   287 

Navarro  Flats.*   127 

Navy  Yard   •„»•„>; 

New  Netherlands  Hotel   148 

News  Boys'  Lodging  House.  ..  75 

"  News     Building    59 

New  York  Historical  Society.. .  93 

New  York  Hospital   103 

New  York  Life  Building   64 

New  York  Public  Library  i  Astor, 
Lenox  and  Tildes  Founda- 
tions)  85. 140,182 

New  York  University    159 

Non-Importation  Agreement . . .  41 

Normal  College  138 

Nut,orNutten  Island  (Govern- 
or's Island)   209 

Obelisk    (Cleopatra's  Needle), 

(Central  Park)   19.-) 

Ocean  Boulevard  (Brooklyn)... .  281 
Oriental  Hotel  (Coney  Island)..  234 

O'Neill's   188 

Opera  in  Castle  Garden   18 

Parade  of  1788    25 

Paradise  Park   79 

Park  Avenue   130 

Park  Avenue  Hotel   188 

Park  Theatre    00 

Park  Theatre  (Brooklyn)   899 

Parkbuist  House  (Dr.)   115 

Park    Row    (Printing  House 

Square)  57,  '•'> 

Payne  (John  Howard)  Bust   231 

Pefham  Bay  Park   223 

Phaetons  (Central  Park)   1M7 

Pierpont  Mansion   157 

u  Pilgrims'1  (Statue)   200 

Players1  Club  House   109 

Pla/.a  Hotel   143 

Police  Organization   66 

Pomeroy  Hotel  201 

Postal  Telegraph  Building    03 

Post  (  MTice   52 

Post  Ofliee  Transactions   52 

Potter  Building   57, 68 

Potter's  Field  t;;.  288 

Presbyterian  Building   W 

Presbyterian  Hospital    139 

'•  Press  "  ( Office   .  57 

Produce  Exchange   20 

Progress  Club   143 

Prospect  Park   230 

Provost  (The)  British  Jail   50 


r.\<.  i 

Public  Charil  lea   hi 

Public  Schools  (Aral  organiza- 
tion)   75 

Pulitzer  Building   59 

Putnam's  Betreal   182 

Putnam  Son's  Publishing  Co.. .,  ill 

Ouarant  ine  Stat  ion   213 

Quarrel  "     (M  The  Ouarrel," 
Meissonier's  Painting)   73 

Railroad  Branch  Y.  M.  C.  A...  .  188 

Randall's  Island   222 

Ramble  (Central  Park)   186 

,   Receiving    Reservoir  (CrotOB, 

j      Central  Park)   190 

Receiving  Ship  "  Yermout  "   227 

Reform  Club  House    157 

Reichard's  (Art  Gallery)   123 

Republican  Club  House   158 

Reservoir   ]5i 

Hialto   UK! 

Richmond  Hill   66 

Riverside  Drive   176 

Riverside  Park   175 

Rogue's  Gallery   66 

Rose  Hill  Farm  (Gen,  Gates1 

Home)    129 

Robin's  Reef  Lighthouse  212 

Rothschild's   103 

"Russian  Wedding  Feast  "  (31a- 

koft'sky's  Painting)  48,  109 

,  Sacred  Heart  Convent   166 

Salvation  Army  Headquarters.  103 

Savarit)  Cafe.   45 

Scbaus's   123 

Schiller's  Bust   187 

Scott  Statue  (Walter)   1S3 

Seribner's  Publishing  Co   107 

Second  Avenue   93 

Sevenl  h  Regiment  (1881)   ho 

Seventh  Regiment  Armory   137 

Seventh  Regimen!  Monument..  201 

Seward's  Statue   us 

Shakespeare's  Stat  ue   1K3 

Sheltering  Arms  Institution   105 

Sherman  Residence   17h 

Shopping  Centre   in-j 

Siegel  Cooper  Company   ]oh 

Signal  Service  Station.   20 

Simpson,  Crawford  &  Simpson.  103 

Sixteenth  Street   97 

Sixty-ninth  Regiment  armory..  81 
Sloane  Mat  emit  v  Hospital  .....  135 

Stranahan  statue  (J,  s.  T.»   880 

Social  Development    255-202 

Society  for  the  Prevention  of 

Cruelty  to  Animals   |88 

Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  t.»  Children. . .    no 


274 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Soldiers1  and  Sailors'  Memorial 

Arch   230 

Soldiers1  and  Sailors'  Monument  178 

Somerindyke  House  163 

Spuyten  Duy vil  (Originof  Name)  169 

Spingler  Building   105 

St.  Bartholomew's  Church  132 

St.  Denis  Hotel  72,  88 

St.  Francis  Xavier  College  and 

Church   104 

St.  George's  Church   97 

St.  Luke's  Hospital  113,  145 

St.  Mark's  Church   92 

St.  Mark's  Gravevard   93 

St.  Mark's  Place   91 

St.  Nicholas  Club  House   154 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral   147 

St.  Paul's  Chapel   49 

St.  Paul  Building   51 

St.  Thomas'  Episcopal  Church..  145 

Staten  Island  212 

Staten  Island  purchased   213 

'"Staats  Zeitung"  Building. 59,  73,75 

Stadt  Huys   37 

Stamp  Act  Riots   23 

Standard  Oil  Building   29 

Star  Theatre   72 

Steinway  Hall   99 

Stern  Brothers  (Dry  Goods).. .  .  114 

Stevens  House   28 

Stewart  Mansion  154 

Stewart's  Old  Store   63 

Stewart's  (A.  T.)  (Desecrated 

Tomb)   93 

Stock  Exchange   36 

Studio  Buildings  69,  129 

Stuyvesant  Farm   96 

Stuyvesant  Fear  Tree   96 

Stuyvesant  Square   95 

Stuyvesant  Surrender   12 

Sub-Treasury  Budding   37 

'*  Sun  "  Building   59 

Tammany  Hall   98 

Teachers''  College   165 

Teachers'  Training  College  (N. 

Y.  U.)   161 

Tea  Water  Pump   75 

Terrace  and  Esplanade  (Central 

Park)   184 

Temple  Court   57 

Temple  Emanuel   151 

Thorwaldsen  Statue   201 

Throgg's  Neck  Fort   223 

Tiffany's   105 

Tiffany  Mansion   139 

Ttlden  Residence   109 

"  Times  "  Building                  ...  57 

Tombs  of  Old  St.  Paul's   51 

Tombs  of  Trinity   34 

Tombs  Police  Court   80 

Tombs  Prison   79 


PAGE. 

Tompkin's  Market   91 

Tompkin's  Square   91 

Tract  Society  Building   59 

"  Tribune  "  Building   59 

Trinity  Cemetery   166 

Trinity  Church   30-34,  41 

Trinity  Rebuilt   32 

Trophy  Park  (Navy  Yard)   827 

Turn  Verein  Building   138 

Twelfth  Regiment  Armory    163 

Twenty-second  Regt.  Armory.  163 
Twenty-third  Street   121 

Union  Club  House   157 

Union  League  Club  House   153 

Union     League    Club  House 

(Brooklyn)   232 

Union  Square   99 

Union  Square  Plaza   101 

Union  Square  Theatre   109 

Union  Theological  Seminary. . .  .139 

United  Bank  Building   36 

United  Charities' Building  110 

University  Building     69 

University  Club    115 

University  Place   160 

Van  Buren  Mansion   103 

Vanderbilt  Clinic   1*5 

Vanderbilt  Residences   145 

Vantine's     121 

Van  Twiller  Residence   209 

Viaduct  (N.  Y.  C.  R.  R.)   171 

Villard  Palace   136 

Waldorf  Hotel   156 

Wall  Street  34,  41 

Wall  Street  Ferry   229 

Wallack's  Theatre   123 

Wallabout  Bay   .217 

Wallabout  Market  228,  22!) 

Wanamaker's  Store   67 

War  Meeting  (1861)   101 

Ward's  Island   221 

Warren  Street   73 

Warren  Statue   830 

Washington  Bridge  169,  175 

Washington  Building   26 

Washington's  Headquarters   169 

Washington  Heights   164 

Washington's  Inauguration .  16,22, 25 

Washington  Market   48 

Washington  Memorial  Arch   69 

Washington  Park  228,  229 

Washington  Relics   56 

Washington  Square   67 

Washington  Statue   39 

Washington  Statue,  Riverside 

Park   178 

Washington  Statue  (equestrian)  101 
Water  Color  Society  Exhibition  112 
Webb's  Sailors'  Home   175 


INDEX 


27;") 


PACK 


Webster's  St  at  no   1H7 

Welles1  Building   29 

Weal  Brighton   884 

Western  union  Building   48 

Wharfage,  Facilities  <>r  N.  Y. 

Harbor   816 

Whit ney  Besldenoe   146 

Whitehall  Streel  in  old  Tim.-. ..  it; 

Willett's  Point  (Fort)   Wl 

Wilson   Industrial   School  for 

CJirls   98 

Windsor  Hotel   160 

Woman's  Hospital.   13"> 


PACK 


Workingmen^s  Bcbool   itiTi 

Woi  t  ii  Monument    118 

Wunderlieh's    V£i 

Yonn-,'  Men's  ( 'hrist  ian  Associa- 
tion  11". 

Young  Women's  Christ  lan  Asso- 
ciation  104 

Zoological  and  Botanical  (iar- 

d.-iis  (Bronx  Park  )   175 


Zoological  Garden  (Central  Park) 

I  N  I,    1S  J 


THE    BOOK   OF  THE_SEASON 


o»  BUSHY 

A  THRILLING  ROMANCE  FOUNDED  ON  FACT. 
UlltH 

32  Tullpage 
Illustrations  by 
%  K  Walker. 


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*■  Pure  in  sentiment. 
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15  V 

Cynthia  m.  Kkstowr. 


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